Labour Force, Australia, November 2022

In seasonally adjusted terms, in November 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.4%.
participation rate increased to 66.8%.
employment increased to 13,769,400.
employment to population ratio increased to 64.5%.
underemployment rate decreased to 5.8%.
monthly hours worked decreased to 1,901 million.
full-time employment increased by 34,200 to 9,601,500 people.
part-time employment increased by 29,800 to 4,167,800 people.

Key statistics - Trend
	Oct-2022	Nov-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,720,200	13,752,800	32,600	0.2%	498,300	3.8%
Unemployed people	492,600	492,800	200	0.0%	-135,700	-21.6%
Unemployment rate	3.5%	3.5%	0.0 pts	na	-1.1 pts	na
Underemployment rate	5.9%	5.9%	0.0 pts	na	-1.2 pts	na
Participation rate	66.7%	66.7%	0.0 pts	na	0.4 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,882 million	1,890 million	8 million	0.4%	82 million	4.5%

Key statistics - Seasonally adjusted
	Oct-2022	Nov-2022	Monthly change	Monthly change (%)	Yearly change	Yearly change (%)
Employed people	13,705,400	13,769,400	64,000	0.5%	553,700	4.2%
Unemployed people	484,300	491,700	7,400	1.5%	-143,900	-22.6%
Unemployment rate	3.4%	3.4%	0.0 pts	na	-1.1 pts	na
Underemployment rate	6.0%	5.8%	-0.1 pts	na	-1.6 pts	na
Participation rate	66.6%	66.8%	0.2 pts	na	0.6 pts	na
Monthly hours worked in all jobs	1,910 million	1,901 million	-9 million	-0.4%	97 million	5.4%

Estimates of changes throughout this release are calculated using un-rounded level estimates and may be different from, but are more accurate than, movements obtained from the rounded level estimates.

Survey impacts and changes

Guide to labour statistics

To learn more about our different labour measures, their purpose and how to use them, see our new Guide to labour statistics. It provides summary information on key labour market topics including Industry employment data.

Articles and other information

Labour Force estimates have been rebenchmarked to the 2021 Census-based ERP (estimated resident population), resulting in revisions to Labour Force estimates from July 2016 onwards. Revisions at the Australia-level are minimal, and have been summarised in an article in this release.

Major rebenchmarking of Labour Force estimates

The ABS has again included more detailed information given the interest in understanding COVID-related impacts on hours worked, and historical comparisons with the labour market before the monthly Labour Force Survey commenced in 1978.

This detailed information can be found in:

For a list of previously published LFS articles, see the Article archive.

The ABS is also continuing to include data cubes EM2a and EM2b in this release. These two data cubes are usually only released in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, but will continue to be released in the headline release over the coming months.

Additional spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this release, while longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab, on 22 December 2022 (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia).

Major rebenchmarking of labour force estimates

Every five years, the ABS 'rebases’ Australia’s official population estimates to a new Census. In June 2022, the estimated resident population (ERP) for Australia and the states and territories were rebased to the 2021 Census, with population estimates revised back to the previous Census base of June quarter 2016. In the subsequent months, regional population estimates were also rebased and revised.

The Labour Force population benchmarks have now been updated to reflect these revised population estimates. Rebenchmarking does not involve any change to the underlying survey responses collected from the Labour Force Survey, just the population benchmarks that survey data is calibrated to.

Major rebenchmarking has resulted in revisions to Labour Force estimates going back to July 2016. This rebenchmarking also includes revisions to natural increase, overseas migration, and interstate migration component data from July 2021 onwards (that is, the regular quarterly rebenchmarking revisions after the most recent Census base).

Major rebenchmarking to preliminary rebased ERP had a negligible impact on headline indicators from July 2016 to June 2021 with revisions of less than 0.1 pts at the National level for seasonally adjusted and trend unemployment rate, participation rate and employment to population ratio. Seasonally adjusted employment was revised downward by 21,200 people (0.2 per cent) in line with a 0.4 million (0.0 per cent) downward revision to seasonally adjusted hours worked for June 2021.

Rebenchmarking from July 2021 onwards includes revisions to population component data which is largely impacted by revisions to Net Overseas Migration (NOM). Due to the disruption in overseas migration patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, larger than usual upward revisions to NOM have occurred (particularly in the period since international borders have reopened), resulting in an increase to seasonally adjusted employment of 87,500 people (0.6 per cent) for October 2022, and a similar (0.6 per cent) upward revision to seasonally adjusted hours worked. Further information is available in this article.

The ABS will continue to provide summary information on the extent of revisions to benchmarks in future releases.

Survey response and timeline

Reference and Enumeration Dates
Publication	Start of Reference Week	End of Reference Week	Start of Enumeration	End of Enumeration
Oct-22	2nd October 2022	15th October 2022	9th October 2022	29th October 2022
Nov-22	30th October 2022	12th November 2022	6th November 2022	26th November 2022
Dec-22	27th November 2022	10th December 2022	4th December 2022	22nd December 2022
Jan-23	1st January 2023	14th January 2023	8th January 2023	28th January 2023
Feb-23	29th January 2023	11th February 2023	5th February 2023	25th February 2023
Mar-23	26th February 2023	11th March 2023	5th March 2023	25th March 2023

Unemployment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

unemployment rate remained at 3.5%.
unemployed people increased by 200 to 492,800.
youth unemployment rate remained at 7.7%.

Unemployment rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Nov-12	5.4	5.3
Dec-12	5.4	5.4
Jan-13	5.4	5.4
Feb-13	5.5	5.4
Mar-13	5.6	5.6
Apr-13	5.6	5.6
May-13	5.6	5.6
Jun-13	5.7	5.7
Jul-13	5.7	5.6
Aug-13	5.7	5.8
Sep-13	5.8	5.7
Oct-13	5.8	5.8
Nov-13	5.8	5.8
Dec-13	5.9	5.9
Jan-14	5.9	5.9
Feb-14	5.8	5.9
Mar-14	5.8	5.9
Apr-14	5.9	5.8
May-14	5.9	5.9
Jun-14	6.0	6.0
Jul-14	6.1	6.2
Aug-14	6.2	6.1
Sep-14	6.3	6.2
Oct-14	6.3	6.4
Nov-14	6.3	6.3
Dec-14	6.3	6.1
Jan-15	6.2	6.3
Feb-15	6.2	6.1
Mar-15	6.1	6.1
Apr-15	6.1	6.1
May-15	6.1	5.9
Jun-15	6.1	6.0
Jul-15	6.1	6.3
Aug-15	6.0	6.1
Sep-15	6.0	6.2
Oct-15	5.9	5.9
Nov-15	5.9	5.9
Dec-15	5.8	5.7
Jan-16	5.8	6.0
Feb-16	5.7	5.7
Mar-16	5.7	5.6
Apr-16	5.7	5.6
May-16	5.6	5.7
Jun-16	5.6	5.7
Jul-16	5.6	5.7
Aug-16	5.6	5.6
Sep-16	5.6	5.6
Oct-16	5.7	5.6
Nov-16	5.7	5.8
Dec-16	5.8	5.8
Jan-17	5.8	5.7
Feb-17	5.8	5.9
Mar-17	5.8	5.8
Apr-17	5.7	5.6
May-17	5.7	5.5
Jun-17	5.6	5.6
Jul-17	5.6	5.6
Aug-17	5.5	5.5
Sep-17	5.5	5.5
Oct-17	5.5	5.4
Nov-17	5.5	5.4
Dec-17	5.5	5.6
Jan-18	5.5	5.5
Feb-18	5.5	5.6
Mar-18	5.5	5.5
Apr-18	5.5	5.5
May-18	5.4	5.4
Jun-18	5.4	5.3
Jul-18	5.3	5.3
Aug-18	5.2	5.3
Sep-18	5.2	5.0
Oct-18	5.1	5.0
Nov-18	5.1	5.1
Dec-18	5.0	5.0
Jan-19	5.0	5.1
Feb-19	5.0	5.0
Mar-19	5.1	5.1
Apr-19	5.1	5.2
May-19	5.2	5.2
Jun-19	5.2	5.3
Jul-19	5.3	5.3
Aug-19	5.3	5.3
Sep-19	5.2	5.2
Oct-19	5.2	5.3
Nov-19	5.2	5.2
Dec-19	5.2	5.1
Jan-20	5.2	5.3
Feb-20	5.2	5.1
Mar-20	5.3	5.2
Apr-20		6.3
May-20		7.0
Jun-20		7.4
Jul-20		7.5
Aug-20		6.8
Sep-20		6.9
Oct-20		7.0
Nov-20		6.8
Dec-20		6.6
Jan-21		6.4
Feb-21		5.8
Mar-21		5.6
Apr-21		5.4
May-21		5.1
Jun-21		5.0
Jul-21		4.7
Aug-21		4.6
Sep-21		4.7
Oct-21		5.2
Nov-21		4.6
Dec-21		4.2
Jan-22		4.2
Feb-22		4.0
Mar-22		3.9
Apr-22	3.8	3.9
May-22	3.7	3.9
Jun-22	3.6	3.6
Jul-22	3.6	3.5
Aug-22	3.5	3.5
Sep-22	3.5	3.6
Oct-22	3.5	3.4
Nov-22	3.5	3.4

Unemployment rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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],[4.2000000000000002],[4.2000000000000002],[4],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.8999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[3.5],[3.5],[3.6000000000000001],[3.3999999999999999],[3.3999999999999999]]]

[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Employment

In trend terms, in November 2022, employment increased by 32,600 people (0.2%) to 13,752,800 people.

Flows into and out of employment

Monthly inflows, outflows and employment growth, Original
	Employed people growth ('000)	Inflow ('000)	Outflow ('000)
Nov-17	103	442	-352
Dec-17	114	414	-390
Jan-18	-263	359	-651
Feb-18	223	647	-381
Mar-18	-33	408	-426
Apr-18	30	397	-395
May-18	48	431	-400
Jun-18	34	407	-403
Jul-18	-33	430	-439
Aug-18	-28	418	-414
Sep-18	68	475	-404
Oct-18	37	420	-436
Nov-18	87	439	-374
Dec-18	96	441	-403
Jan-19	-236	428	-679
Feb-19	197	610	-360
Mar-19	-15	410	-431
Apr-19	47	444	-395
May-19	90	412	-376
Jun-19	-30	381	-454
Jul-19	-5	436	-472
Aug-19	-28	468	-435
Sep-19	69	446	-376
Oct-19	-26	395	-461
Nov-19	94	448	-396
Dec-19	100	442	-410
Jan-20	-267	415	-707
Feb-20	220	642	-395
Mar-20	-48	434	-463
Apr-20	-590	355	-947
May-20	-221	583	-781
Jun-20	198	608	-421
Jul-20	78	557	-436
Aug-20	91	522	-493
Sep-20	3	486	-434
Oct-20	169	547	-409
Nov-20	142	522	-356
Dec-20	113	500	-390
Jan-21	-262	420	-665
Feb-21	302	674	-355
Mar-21	26	473	-414
Apr-21	-27	497	-477
May-21	166	507	-371
Jun-21	-20	421	-458
Jul-21	-26	497	-544
Aug-21	-200	460	-641
Sep-21	-95	518	-631
Oct-21	-31	536	-537
Nov-21	442	830	-400
Dec-21	160	535	-410
Jan-22	-271	438	-788
Feb-22	338	724	-388
Mar-22	-21	453	-483
Apr-22	19	561	-493
May-22	135	482	-385
Jun-22	36	444	-408
Jul-22	-39	504	-509
Aug-22	-29	472	-452
Sep-22	41	491	-450
Oct-22	52	454	-444
Nov-22	129	479	-405

Employed people
	Trend ('000)	Seasonally adjusted ('000)
Nov-12	11,393.7	11,385.3
Dec-12	11,408.0	11,395.6
Jan-13	11,422.1	11,461.7
Feb-13	11,435.6	11,465.6
Mar-13	11,446.8	11,434.0
Apr-13	11,455.1	11,465.7
May-13	11,461.1	11,458.5
Jun-13	11,465.2	11,471.2
Jul-13	11,467.5	11,457.6
Aug-13	11,467.0	11,460.2
Sep-13	11,463.1	11,477.1
Oct-13	11,457.4	11,471.0
Nov-13	11,453.8	11,449.4
Dec-13	11,455.2	11,417.6
Jan-14	11,463.5	11,454.3
Feb-14	11,478.2	11,476.1
Mar-14	11,497.1	11,530.9
Apr-14	11,515.7	11,536.2
May-14	11,530.0	11,514.0
Jun-14	11,538.8	11,530.1
Jul-14	11,544.1	11,546.5
Aug-14	11,548.4	11,549.6
Sep-14	11,554.5	11,549.4
Oct-14	11,564.6	11,543.4
Nov-14	11,578.9	11,544.0
Dec-14	11,597.7	11,596.4
Jan-15	11,620.7	11,606.5
Feb-15	11,646.2	11,671.7
Mar-15	11,671.7	11,692.2
Apr-15	11,695.0	11,690.4
May-15	11,716.2	11,734.7
Jun-15	11,737.3	11,729.5
Jul-15	11,760.6	11,761.7
Aug-15	11,788.1	11,772.3
Sep-15	11,819.4	11,786.9
Oct-15	11,850.9	11,862.5
Nov-15	11,880.6	11,896.2
Dec-15	11,905.0	11,904.0
Jan-16	11,922.4	11,907.7
Feb-16	11,934.9	11,923.0
Mar-16	11,944.6	11,940.6
Apr-16	11,954.2	11,946.5
May-16	11,963.8	11,943.3
Jun-16	11,972.4	11,966.2
Jul-16	11,979.9	11,997.0
Aug-16	11,986.8	11,973.4
Sep-16	11,992.9	11,957.3
Oct-16	11,999.7	11,988.5
Nov-16	12,008.2	12,012.5
Dec-16	12,020.3	12,032.2
Jan-17	12,039.9	12,049.9
Feb-17	12,067.3	12,051.3
Mar-17	12,102.7	12,116.2
Apr-17	12,144.4	12,168.5
May-17	12,187.9	12,191.7
Jun-17	12,229.6	12,228.9
Jul-17	12,268.1	12,256.8
Aug-17	12,303.1	12,312.4
Sep-17	12,336.0	12,347.8
Oct-17	12,367.8	12,356.6
Nov-17	12,398.7	12,408.3
Dec-17	12,426.7	12,443.9
Jan-18	12,449.8	12,476.8
Feb-18	12,467.2	12,470.1
Mar-18	12,481.8	12,486.9
Apr-18	12,497.0	12,504.0
May-18	12,516.4	12,497.7
Jun-18	12,541.6	12,575.5
Jul-18	12,570.9	12,566.8
Aug-18	12,601.9	12,613.5
Sep-18	12,632.5	12,632.7
Oct-18	12,659.9	12,662.6
Nov-18	12,683.3	12,694.2
Dec-18	12,704.9	12,708.7
Jan-19	12,727.9	12,739.1
Feb-19	12,753.8	12,735.3
Mar-19	12,782.9	12,771.9
Apr-19	12,814.7	12,810.1
May-19	12,846.7	12,836.4
Jun-19	12,875.3	12,853.4
Jul-19	12,898.3	12,873.2
Aug-19	12,915.3	12,921.2
Sep-19	12,927.6	12,946.5
Oct-19	12,938.6	12,913.0
Nov-19	12,950.4	12,947.1
Dec-19	12,962.2	12,964.5
Jan-20	12,970.6	12,972.3
Feb-20	12,974.1	12,986.8
Mar-20	12,973.2	12,987.8
Apr-20		12,398.1
May-20		12,113.3
Jun-20		12,351.1
Jul-20		12,454.9
Aug-20		12,611.0
Sep-20		12,579.5
Oct-20		12,741.2
Nov-20		12,824.7
Dec-20		12,856.7
Jan-21		12,872.9
Feb-21		12,959.1
Mar-21		13,034.2
Apr-21		13,011.2
May-21		13,102.9
Jun-21		13,131.7
Jul-21		13,131.3
Aug-21		13,001.5
Sep-21		12,877.6
Oct-21		12,837.9
Nov-21		13,215.7
Dec-21		13,287.0
Jan-22		13,306.7
Feb-22		13,415.2
Mar-22		13,449.7
Apr-22	13,510.0	13,476.9
May-22	13,554.5	13,535.1
Jun-22	13,592.3	13,622.3
Jul-22	13,625.9	13,602.6
Aug-22	13,657.4	13,651.5
Sep-22	13,688.6	13,662.3
Oct-22	13,720.2	13,705.4
Nov-22	13,752.8	13,769.4

Employed people

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22"],[[11393.700000000001],[11408],[11422.1],[11435.6],[11446.799999999999],[11455.1],[11461.1],[11465.200000000001],[11467.5],[11467],[11463.1],[11457.4],[11453.799999999999],[11455.200000000001],[11463.5],[11478.200000000001],[11497.1],[11515.700000000001],[11530],[11538.799999999999],[11544.1],[11548.4],[11554.5],[11564.6],[11578.9],[11597.700000000001],[11620.700000000001],[11646.200000000001],[11671.700000000001],[11695],[11716.200000000001],[11737.299999999999],[11760.6],[11788.1],[11819.4],[11850.9],[11880.6],[11905],[11922.4],[11934.9],[11944.6],[11954.200000000001],[11963.799999999999],[11972.4],[11979.9],[11986.799999999999],[11992.9],[11999.700000000001],[12008.200000000001],[12020.299999999999],[12039.9],[12067.299999999999],[12102.700000000001],[12144.4],[12187.9],[12229.6],[12268.1],[12303.1],[12336],[12367.799999999999],[12398.700000000001],[12426.700000000001],[12449.799999999999],[12467.200000000001],[12481.799999999999],[12497],[12516.4],[12541.6],[12570.9],[12601.9],[12632.5],[12659.9],[12683.299999999999],[12704.9],[12727.9],[12753.799999999999],[12782.9],[12814.700000000001],[12846.700000000001],[12875.299999999999],[12898.299999999999],[12915.299999999999],[12927.6],[12938.6],[12950.4],[12962.200000000001],[12970.6],[12974.1],[12973.200000000001],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[13510],[13554.5],[13592.299999999999],[13625.9],[13657.4],[13688.6],[13720.200000000001],[13752.799999999999]],[[11385.299999999999],[11395.6],[11461.700000000001],[11465.6],[11434],[11465.700000000001],[11458.5],[11471.200000000001],[11457.6],[11460.200000000001],[11477.1],[11471],[11449.4],[11417.6],[11454.299999999999],[11476.1],[11530.9],[11536.200000000001],[11514],[11530.1],[11546.5],[11549.6],[11549.4],[11543.4],[11544],[11596.4],[11606.5],[11671.700000000001],[11692.200000000001],[11690.4],[11734.700000000001],[11729.5],[11761.700000000001],[11772.299999999999],[11786.9],[11862.5],[11896.200000000001],[11904],[11907.700000000001],[11923],[11940.6],[11946.5],[11943.299999999999],[11966.200000000001],[11997],[11973.4],[11957.299999999999],[11988.5],[12012.5],[12032.200000000001],[12049.9],[12051.299999999999],[12116.200000000001],[12168.5],[12191.700000000001],[12228.9],[12256.799999999999],[12312.4],[12347.799999999999],[12356.6],[12408.299999999999],[12443.9],[12476.799999999999],[12470.1],[12486.9],[12504],[12497.700000000001],[12575.5],[12566.799999999999],[12613.5],[12632.700000000001],[12662.6],[12694.200000000001],[12708.700000000001],[12739.1],[12735.299999999999],[12771.9],[12810.1],[12836.4],[12853.4],[12873.200000000001],[12921.200000000001],[12946.5],[12913],[12947.1],[12964.5],[12972.299999999999],[12986.799999999999],[12987.799999999999],[12398.1],[12113.299999999999],[12351.1],[12454.9],[12611],[12579.5],[12741.200000000001],[12824.700000000001],[12856.700000000001],[12872.9],[12959.1],[13034.200000000001],[13011.200000000001],[13102.9],[13131.700000000001],[13131.299999999999],[13001.5],[12877.6],[12837.9],[13215.700000000001],[13287],[13306.700000000001],[13415.200000000001],[13449.700000000001],[13476.9],[13535.1],[13622.299999999999],[13602.6],[13651.5],[13662.299999999999],[13705.4],[13769.4]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"'000","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"('000)","table_units":"('000)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Full-time and part-time employment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

full-time employment increased by 26,400 to 9,588,800 people, and part-time employment increased by 6,300 to 4,164,000 people.
part-time share of employment was 30.3%.

Employment-to-population ratio

In trend terms, in November 2022, the employment-to-population ratio remained at 64.4%.

The employment-to-population ratio provides a measure of employment relative to the size of the population.

Employment-to-population ratio
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Nov-12	61.6	61.5
Dec-12	61.6	61.5
Jan-13	61.5	61.8
Feb-13	61.5	61.7
Mar-13	61.5	61.4
Apr-13	61.4	61.5
May-13	61.4	61.4
Jun-13	61.3	61.4
Jul-13	61.3	61.2
Aug-13	61.2	61.1
Sep-13	61.1	61.2
Oct-13	61.0	61.1
Nov-13	60.9	60.9
Dec-13	60.8	60.7
Jan-14	60.8	60.7
Feb-14	60.8	60.8
Mar-14	60.8	60.9
Apr-14	60.8	60.9
May-14	60.8	60.7
Jun-14	60.8	60.8
Jul-14	60.8	60.8
Aug-14	60.7	60.7
Sep-14	60.7	60.6
Oct-14	60.7	60.5
Nov-14	60.7	60.5
Dec-14	60.7	60.7
Jan-15	60.7	60.6
Feb-15	60.8	60.9
Mar-15	60.8	60.9
Apr-15	60.9	60.8
May-15	60.9	61.0
Jun-15	60.9	60.9
Jul-15	61.0	61.0
Aug-15	61.1	61.0
Sep-15	61.2	61.0
Oct-15	61.3	61.3
Nov-15	61.3	61.4
Dec-15	61.4	61.4
Jan-16	61.4	61.3
Feb-16	61.3	61.3
Mar-16	61.3	61.3
Apr-16	61.3	61.2
May-16	61.2	61.1
Jun-16	61.2	61.2
Jul-16	61.2	61.3
Aug-16	61.1	61.0
Sep-16	61.1	60.9
Oct-16	61.0	61.0
Nov-16	61.0	61.0
Dec-16	60.9	61.0
Jan-17	60.9	61.0
Feb-17	61.0	60.9
Mar-17	61.1	61.1
Apr-17	61.2	61.3
May-17	61.3	61.3
Jun-17	61.5	61.5
Jul-17	61.6	61.5
Aug-17	61.7	61.7
Sep-17	61.8	61.8
Oct-17	61.8	61.8
Nov-17	61.9	62.0
Dec-17	62.0	62.1
Jan-18	62.0	62.1
Feb-18	62.0	62.0
Mar-18	62.0	62.0
Apr-18	62.0	62.0
May-18	62.0	61.9
Jun-18	62.0	62.2
Jul-18	62.1	62.1
Aug-18	62.1	62.2
Sep-18	62.2	62.2
Oct-18	62.3	62.3
Nov-18	62.3	62.4
Dec-18	62.3	62.4
Jan-19	62.3	62.4
Feb-19	62.4	62.3
Mar-19	62.4	62.3
Apr-19	62.5	62.5
May-19	62.6	62.5
Jun-19	62.6	62.6
Jul-19	62.7	62.6
Aug-19	62.7	62.7
Sep-19	62.7	62.7
Oct-19	62.6	62.5
Nov-19	62.6	62.6
Dec-19	62.6	62.6
Jan-20	62.5	62.5
Feb-20	62.4	62.5
Mar-20	62.4	62.4
Apr-20		59.6
May-20		58.2
Jun-20		59.3
Jul-20		59.8
Aug-20		60.6
Sep-20		60.4
Oct-20		61.2
Nov-20		61.6
Dec-20		61.7
Jan-21		61.8
Feb-21		62.2
Mar-21		62.5
Apr-21		62.4
May-21		62.8
Jun-21		62.9
Jul-21		62.9
Aug-21		62.3
Sep-21		61.6
Oct-21		61.4
Nov-21		63.1
Dec-21		63.4
Jan-22		63.4
Feb-22		63.8
Mar-22		63.8
Apr-22	64.0	63.9
May-22	64.1	64.1
Jun-22	64.2	64.4
Jul-22	64.3	64.2
Aug-22	64.3	64.3
Sep-22	64.4	64.2
Oct-22	64.4	64.3
Nov-22	64.4	64.5

Employment-to-population ratio

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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9999999999],[64.099999999999994],[64.400000000000006],[64.200000000000003],[64.299999999999997],[64.200000000000003],[64.299999999999997],[64.5]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"-1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-12	61.5	67.7	55.5
Dec-12	61.5	67.9	55.3
Jan-13	61.8	68.0	55.7
Feb-13	61.7	67.8	55.7
Mar-13	61.4	67.4	55.6
Apr-13	61.5	67.5	55.7
May-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jun-13	61.4	67.5	55.4
Jul-13	61.2	67.2	55.4
Aug-13	61.1	67.1	55.3
Sep-13	61.2	67.1	55.4
Oct-13	61.1	67.0	55.3
Nov-13	60.9	66.8	55.1
Dec-13	60.7	66.6	54.9
Jan-14	60.7	66.7	55.0
Feb-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Mar-14	60.9	66.9	55.2
Apr-14	60.9	66.9	55.1
May-14	60.7	66.6	55.1
Jun-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Jul-14	60.8	66.6	55.1
Aug-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Sep-14	60.6	66.4	55.0
Oct-14	60.5	66.4	54.8
Nov-14	60.5	66.6	54.6
Dec-14	60.7	66.6	55.0
Jan-15	60.6	66.5	54.9
Feb-15	60.9	66.8	55.2
Mar-15	60.9	66.9	55.1
Apr-15	60.8	66.7	55.2
May-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Jun-15	60.9	66.6	55.4
Jul-15	61.0	66.8	55.4
Aug-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Sep-15	61.0	66.6	55.6
Oct-15	61.3	66.9	55.9
Nov-15	61.4	66.9	56.1
Dec-15	61.4	66.9	56.0
Jan-16	61.3	67.0	55.8
Feb-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Mar-16	61.3	66.8	56.0
Apr-16	61.2	66.6	56.1
May-16	61.1	66.6	55.9
Jun-16	61.2	66.6	56.0
Jul-16	61.3	66.7	56.0
Aug-16	61.0	66.5	55.8
Sep-16	60.9	66.2	55.8
Oct-16	61.0	66.4	55.7
Nov-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Dec-16	61.0	66.4	55.8
Jan-17	61.0	66.3	55.9
Feb-17	60.9	66.3	55.7
Mar-17	61.1	66.5	56.0
Apr-17	61.3	66.9	55.9
May-17	61.3	66.7	56.2
Jun-17	61.5	66.7	56.4
Jul-17	61.5	66.9	56.3
Aug-17	61.7	66.9	56.7
Sep-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Oct-17	61.8	66.9	56.8
Nov-17	62.0	67.2	57.0
Dec-17	62.1	67.1	57.3
Jan-18	62.1	67.4	57.1
Feb-18	62.0	67.1	57.1
Mar-18	62.0	66.9	57.2
Apr-18	62.0	67.0	57.2
May-18	61.9	66.9	57.0
Jun-18	62.2	67.1	57.4
Jul-18	62.1	67.2	57.1
Aug-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Sep-18	62.2	67.4	57.2
Oct-18	62.3	67.4	57.4
Nov-18	62.4	67.4	57.5
Dec-18	62.4	67.5	57.4
Jan-19	62.4	67.5	57.5
Feb-19	62.3	67.2	57.5
Mar-19	62.3	67.3	57.5
Apr-19	62.5	67.2	57.9
May-19	62.5	67.7	57.5
Jun-19	62.6	67.7	57.6
Jul-19	62.6	67.6	57.7
Aug-19	62.7	67.6	58.0
Sep-19	62.7	67.4	58.2
Oct-19	62.5	67.1	58.0
Nov-19	62.6	67.3	58.1
Dec-19	62.6	67.2	58.1
Jan-20	62.5	67.0	58.2
Feb-20	62.5	67.0	58.1
Mar-20	62.4	67.0	58.0
Apr-20	59.6	64.3	55.0
May-20	58.2	63.1	53.4
Jun-20	59.3	64.1	54.7
Jul-20	59.8	64.5	55.2
Aug-20	60.6	65.1	56.2
Sep-20	60.4	64.8	56.2
Oct-20	61.2	65.9	56.6
Nov-20	61.6	66.4	56.9
Dec-20	61.7	66.3	57.4
Jan-21	61.8	66.6	57.2
Feb-21	62.2	66.6	57.9
Mar-21	62.5	66.8	58.4
Apr-21	62.4	66.8	58.1
May-21	62.8	67.1	58.7
Jun-21	62.9	67.5	58.5
Jul-21	62.9	67.6	58.4
Aug-21	62.3	66.8	57.8
Sep-21	61.6	66.3	57.2
Oct-21	61.4	66.2	56.8
Nov-21	63.1	67.6	58.8
Dec-21	63.4	67.9	59.1
Jan-22	63.4	67.5	59.4
Feb-22	63.8	67.8	59.9
Mar-22	63.8	67.9	59.9
Apr-22	63.9	68.0	59.9
May-22	64.1	68.4	59.9
Jun-22	64.4	68.7	60.2
Jul-22	64.2	68.5	60.0
Aug-22	64.3	68.6	60.1
Sep-22	64.2	68.6	60.0
Oct-22	64.3	68.8	60.0
Nov-22	64.5	68.9	60.3

Employment-to-population ratio, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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[]

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Hours worked

In trend terms, in November 2022, monthly hours worked in all jobs increased by 8.1 million hours (0.4%) to 1,890 million hours.

See the article Insights into hours worked for more.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs
	Trend (m)	Seasonally adjusted (m)
Nov-12	1,597.6	1,601.0
Dec-12	1,599.7	1,603.3
Jan-13	1,601.0	1,601.9
Feb-13	1,602.0	1,603.7
Mar-13	1,603.4	1,597.1
Apr-13	1,605.3	1,611.8
May-13	1,607.6	1,605.8
Jun-13	1,609.9	1,605.4
Jul-13	1,611.1	1,615.8
Aug-13	1,610.8	1,620.2
Sep-13	1,609.4	1,608.1
Oct-13	1,607.9	1,605.6
Nov-13	1,606.8	1,604.6
Dec-13	1,606.2	1,605.3
Jan-14	1,606.3	1,598.7
Feb-14	1,607.3	1,606.9
Mar-14	1,608.9	1,614.0
Apr-14	1,611.0	1,604.2
May-14	1,613.3	1,611.7
Jun-14	1,615.1	1,618.5
Jul-14	1,615.9	1,616.5
Aug-14	1,615.7	1,616.8
Sep-14	1,615.0	1,612.3
Oct-14	1,615.0	1,612.7
Nov-14	1,616.5	1,613.1
Dec-14	1,620.1	1,601.1
Jan-15	1,624.8	1,630.1
Feb-15	1,629.4	1,628.1
Mar-15	1,632.8	1,636.4
Apr-15	1,634.8	1,640.0
May-15	1,636.0	1,636.5
Jun-15	1,637.5	1,633.9
Jul-15	1,639.9	1,640.5
Aug-15	1,643.1	1,638.0
Sep-15	1,646.9	1,649.2
Oct-15	1,650.9	1,656.0
Nov-15	1,654.4	1,653.3
Dec-15	1,656.8	1,651.2
Jan-16	1,657.8	1,661.0
Feb-16	1,657.8	1,663.5
Mar-16	1,657.3	1,655.5
Apr-16	1,657.0	1,634.5
May-16	1,656.9	1,664.3
Jun-16	1,657.4	1,657.3
Jul-16	1,658.7	1,662.2
Aug-16	1,660.9	1,664.5
Sep-16	1,663.2	1,660.3
Oct-16	1,665.6	1,665.1
Nov-16	1,667.9	1,666.5
Dec-16	1,670.1	1,674.3
Jan-17	1,672.6	1,694.6
Feb-17	1,675.8	1,663.2
Mar-17	1,680.0	1,679.6
Apr-17	1,685.1	1,668.3
May-17	1,690.8	1,713.4
Jun-17	1,696.7	1,708.7
Jul-17	1,702.6	1,699.9
Aug-17	1,708.1	1,705.0
Sep-17	1,712.9	1,712.6
Oct-17	1,716.7	1,716.4
Nov-17	1,719.7	1,728.5
Dec-17	1,721.9	1,721.3
Jan-18	1,723.5	1,700.3
Feb-18	1,725.2	1,723.5
Mar-18	1,727.8	1,726.5
Apr-18	1,731.3	1,746.5
May-18	1,735.4	1,732.1
Jun-18	1,739.7	1,743.3
Jul-18	1,743.3	1,744.4
Aug-18	1,746.3	1,744.3
Sep-18	1,748.6	1,747.8
Oct-18	1,750.6	1,755.5
Nov-18	1,753.2	1,751.4
Dec-18	1,756.8	1,748.2
Jan-19	1,760.9	1,761.2
Feb-19	1,764.9	1,764.0
Mar-19	1,768.2	1,777.2
Apr-19	1,770.7	1,773.6
May-19	1,772.4	1,767.0
Jun-19	1,773.4	1,770.2
Jul-19	1,774.3	1,774.6
Aug-19	1,775.5	1,779.0
Sep-19	1,776.9	1,780.0
Oct-19	1,777.8	1,774.4
Nov-19	1,777.5	1,774.9
Dec-19	1,776.0	1,782.6
Jan-20	1,773.5	1,774.5
Feb-20	1,771.0	1,772.3
Mar-20	1,770.5	1,767.1
Apr-20		1,591.0
May-20		1,605.5
Jun-20		1,668.6
Jul-20		1,688.4
Aug-20		1,693.2
Sep-20		1,690.7
Oct-20		1,727.1
Nov-20		1,753.3
Dec-20		1,749.5
Jan-21		1,670.9
Feb-21		1,766.8
Mar-21		1,806.5
Apr-21		1,785.5
May-21		1,812.3
Jun-21		1,786.6
Jul-21		1,785.7
Aug-21		1,713.9
Sep-21		1,729.8
Oct-21		1,729.9
Nov-21		1,804.5
Dec-21		1,821.2
Jan-22		1,676.0
Feb-22		1,824.6
Mar-22		1,817.0
Apr-22	1,840.0	1,842.2
May-22	1,846.5	1,852.9
Jun-22	1,853.1	1,859.0
Jul-22	1,860.0	1,854.0
Aug-22	1,867.2	1,868.4
Sep-22	1,874.7	1,864.7
Oct-22	1,882.4	1,909.8
Nov-22	1,890.5	1,901.2

Monthly hours worked in all jobs

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted
	Hours worked (m)	Yearly change (%)
Nov-12	1,601	0.9
Dec-12	1,603	1.0
Jan-13	1,602	0.7
Feb-13	1,604	1.0
Mar-13	1,597	0.1
Apr-13	1,612	0.8
May-13	1,606	0.0
Jun-13	1,605	1.7
Jul-13	1,616	1.7
Aug-13	1,620	2.0
Sep-13	1,608	0.6
Oct-13	1,606	1.1
Nov-13	1,605	0.2
Dec-13	1,605	0.1
Jan-14	1,599	-0.2
Feb-14	1,607	0.2
Mar-14	1,614	1.1
Apr-14	1,604	-0.5
May-14	1,612	0.4
Jun-14	1,619	0.8
Jul-14	1,617	0.0
Aug-14	1,617	-0.2
Sep-14	1,612	0.3
Oct-14	1,613	0.4
Nov-14	1,613	0.5
Dec-14	1,601	-0.3
Jan-15	1,630	2.0
Feb-15	1,628	1.3
Mar-15	1,636	1.4
Apr-15	1,640	2.2
May-15	1,636	1.5
Jun-15	1,634	1.0
Jul-15	1,640	1.5
Aug-15	1,638	1.3
Sep-15	1,649	2.3
Oct-15	1,656	2.7
Nov-15	1,653	2.5
Dec-15	1,651	3.1
Jan-16	1,661	1.9
Feb-16	1,664	2.2
Mar-16	1,655	1.2
Apr-16	1,635	-0.3
May-16	1,664	1.7
Jun-16	1,657	1.4
Jul-16	1,662	1.3
Aug-16	1,664	1.6
Sep-16	1,660	0.7
Oct-16	1,665	0.5
Nov-16	1,667	0.8
Dec-16	1,674	1.4
Jan-17	1,695	2.0
Feb-17	1,663	0.0
Mar-17	1,680	1.5
Apr-17	1,668	2.1
May-17	1,713	2.9
Jun-17	1,709	3.1
Jul-17	1,700	2.3
Aug-17	1,705	2.4
Sep-17	1,713	3.1
Oct-17	1,716	3.1
Nov-17	1,728	3.7
Dec-17	1,721	2.8
Jan-18	1,700	0.3
Feb-18	1,723	3.6
Mar-18	1,726	2.8
Apr-18	1,746	4.7
May-18	1,732	1.1
Jun-18	1,743	2.0
Jul-18	1,744	2.6
Aug-18	1,744	2.3
Sep-18	1,748	2.1
Oct-18	1,755	2.3
Nov-18	1,751	1.3
Dec-18	1,748	1.6
Jan-19	1,761	3.6
Feb-19	1,764	2.4
Mar-19	1,777	2.9
Apr-19	1,774	1.6
May-19	1,767	2.0
Jun-19	1,770	1.5
Jul-19	1,775	1.7
Aug-19	1,779	2.0
Sep-19	1,780	1.8
Oct-19	1,774	1.1
Nov-19	1,775	1.3
Dec-19	1,783	2.0
Jan-20	1,774	0.8
Feb-20	1,772	0.5
Mar-20	1,767	-0.6
Apr-20	1,591	-10.3
May-20	1,606	-9.1
Jun-20	1,669	-5.7
Jul-20	1,688	-4.9
Aug-20	1,693	-4.8
Sep-20	1,691	-5.0
Oct-20	1,727	-2.7
Nov-20	1,753	-1.2
Dec-20	1,750	-1.9
Jan-21	1,671	-5.8
Feb-21	1,767	-0.3
Mar-21	1,807	2.2
Apr-21	1,785	12.2
May-21	1,812	12.9
Jun-21	1,787	7.1
Jul-21	1,786	5.8
Aug-21	1,714	1.2
Sep-21	1,730	2.3
Oct-21	1,730	0.2
Nov-21	1,804	2.9
Dec-21	1,821	4.1
Jan-22	1,676	0.3
Feb-22	1,825	3.3
Mar-22	1,817	0.6
Apr-22	1,842	3.2
May-22	1,853	2.2
Jun-22	1,859	4.0
Jul-22	1,854	3.8
Aug-22	1,868	9.0
Sep-22	1,865	7.8
Oct-22	1,910	10.4
Nov-22	1,901	5.4

Monthly hours worked in all jobs, Seasonally adjusted

["","Hours worked (m)","Yearly change (%)"]

[["Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22"],[[1601],[1603],[1602],[1604],[1597],[1612],[1606],[1605],[1616],[1620],[1608],[1606],[1605],[1605],[1599],[1607],[1614],[1604],[1612],[1619],[1617],[1617],[1612],[1613],[1613],[1601],[1630],[1628],[1636],[1640],[1636],[1634],[1640],[1638],[1649],[1656],[1653],[1651],[1661],[1664],[1655],[1635],[1664],[1657],[1662],[1664],[1660],[1665],[1667],[1674],[1695],[1663],[1680],[1668],[1713],[1709],[1700],[1705],[1713],[1716],[1728],[1721],[1700],[1723],[1726],[1746],[1732],[1743],[1744],[1744],[1748],[1755],[1751],[1748],[1761],[1764],[1777],[1774],[1767],[1770],[1775],[1779],[1780],[1774],[1775],[1783],[1774],[1772],[1767],[1591],[1606],[1669],[1688],[1693],[1691],[1727],[1753],[1750],[1671],[1767],[1807],[1785],[1812],[1787],[1786],[1714],[1730],[1730],[1804],[1821],[1676],[1825],[1817],[1842],[1853],[1859],[1854],[1868],[1865],[1910],[1901]],[[0.90000000000000002],[1],[0.69999999999999996],[1],[0.10000000000000001],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[1.7],[1.7],[2],[0.59999999999999998],[1.1000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[-0.29999999999999999],[2],[1.3],[1.3999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.5],[1],[1.5],[1.3],[2.2999999999999998],[2.7000000000000002],[2.5],[3.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[1.2],[-0.29999999999999999],[1.7],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3999999999999999],[2],[0],[1.5],[2.1000000000000001],[2.8999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[3.1000000000000001],[3.1000000000000001],[3.7000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[0.29999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[4.7000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[2],[2.6000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[2.1000000000000001],[2.2999999999999998],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[3.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[2.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[2],[1.5],[1.7],[2],[1.8],[1.1000000000000001],[1.3],[2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.5],[-0.59999999999999998],[-10.300000000000001],[-9.0999999999999996],[-5.7000000000000002],[-4.9000000000000004],[-4.7999999999999998],[-5],[-2.7000000000000002],[-1.2],[-1.8999999999999999],[-5.7999999999999998],[-0.29999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[12.199999999999999],[12.9],[7.0999999999999996],[5.7999999999999998],[1.2],[2.2999999999999998],[0.20000000000000001],[2.8999999999999999],[4.0999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[3.2999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[3.2000000000000002],[2.2000000000000002],[4],[3.7999999999999998],[9],[7.7999999999999998],[10.4],[5.4000000000000004]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"-11","axis_max":"14","tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false},{"value":"1","axis_id":"1","axis_title":"Millions","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"","table_units":"","axis_min":"1500","axis_max":"1950","tick_interval":"50","precision":"0","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Participation

In trend terms, in November 2022, the participation rate:

remained at 66.7%.
increased to 71.3% for men and remained at 62.3% for women.

Participation rate
	Trend (%)	Seasonally adjusted (%)
Nov-12	65.1	65.0
Dec-12	65.1	65.0
Jan-13	65.1	65.3
Feb-13	65.1	65.2
Mar-13	65.1	65.1
Apr-13	65.1	65.1
May-13	65.1	65.0
Jun-13	65.0	65.1
Jul-13	65.0	64.9
Aug-13	64.9	64.9
Sep-13	64.8	64.9
Oct-13	64.7	64.8
Nov-13	64.7	64.6
Dec-13	64.6	64.5
Jan-14	64.6	64.6
Feb-14	64.5	64.6
Mar-14	64.6	64.7
Apr-14	64.6	64.7
May-14	64.6	64.6
Jun-14	64.7	64.7
Jul-14	64.7	64.8
Aug-14	64.7	64.7
Sep-14	64.7	64.7
Oct-14	64.7	64.7
Nov-14	64.7	64.5
Dec-14	64.7	64.6
Jan-15	64.7	64.8
Feb-15	64.8	64.9
Mar-15	64.8	64.9
Apr-15	64.8	64.8
May-15	64.9	64.8
Jun-15	64.9	64.8
Jul-15	64.9	65.1
Aug-15	65.0	64.9
Sep-15	65.1	65.0
Oct-15	65.1	65.2
Nov-15	65.2	65.2
Dec-15	65.2	65.1
Jan-16	65.1	65.2
Feb-16	65.1	65.0
Mar-16	65.0	64.9
Apr-16	65.0	64.9
May-16	64.9	64.8
Jun-16	64.9	64.9
Jul-16	64.8	65.0
Aug-16	64.8	64.7
Sep-16	64.7	64.5
Oct-16	64.7	64.6
Nov-16	64.7	64.7
Dec-16	64.7	64.8
Jan-17	64.7	64.7
Feb-17	64.7	64.7
Mar-17	64.8	64.9
Apr-17	64.9	64.9
May-17	65.0	64.9
Jun-17	65.1	65.1
Jul-17	65.2	65.2
Aug-17	65.3	65.3
Sep-17	65.4	65.4
Oct-17	65.4	65.3
Nov-17	65.5	65.5
Dec-17	65.6	65.8
Jan-18	65.6	65.8
Feb-18	65.6	65.7
Mar-18	65.6	65.6
Apr-18	65.6	65.6
May-18	65.5	65.4
Jun-18	65.5	65.7
Jul-18	65.6	65.5
Aug-18	65.6	65.7
Sep-18	65.6	65.5
Oct-18	65.6	65.6
Nov-18	65.6	65.7
Dec-18	65.6	65.7
Jan-19	65.6	65.7
Feb-19	65.7	65.5
Mar-19	65.8	65.7
Apr-19	65.9	65.9
May-19	66.0	66.0
Jun-19	66.1	66.0
Jul-19	66.2	66.1
Aug-19	66.2	66.2
Sep-19	66.1	66.2
Oct-19	66.1	66.0
Nov-19	66.0	66.0
Dec-19	66.0	65.9
Jan-20	65.9	66.0
Feb-20	65.9	65.8
Mar-20	65.8	65.8
Apr-20		63.6
May-20		62.6
Jun-20		64.0
Jul-20		64.7
Aug-20		65.0
Sep-20		64.9
Oct-20		65.8
Nov-20		66.1
Dec-20		66.1
Jan-21		66.0
Feb-21		66.0
Mar-21		66.2
Apr-21		66.0
May-21		66.1
Jun-21		66.2
Jul-21		66.0
Aug-21		65.2
Sep-21		64.7
Oct-21		64.8
Nov-21		66.2
Dec-21		66.2
Jan-22		66.2
Feb-22		66.5
Mar-22		66.4
Apr-22	66.6	66.4
May-22	66.6	66.7
Jun-22	66.7	66.8
Jul-22	66.7	66.5
Aug-22	66.7	66.6
Sep-22	66.7	66.6
Oct-22	66.7	66.6
Nov-22	66.7	66.8

Participation rate

["","Trend","Seasonally adjusted"]

[["Nov-12","Dec-12","Jan-13","Feb-13","Mar-13","Apr-13","May-13","Jun-13","Jul-13","Aug-13","Sep-13","Oct-13","Nov-13","Dec-13","Jan-14","Feb-14","Mar-14","Apr-14","May-14","Jun-14","Jul-14","Aug-14","Sep-14","Oct-14","Nov-14","Dec-14","Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15","Apr-15","May-15","Jun-15","Jul-15","Aug-15","Sep-15","Oct-15","Nov-15","Dec-15","Jan-16","Feb-16","Mar-16","Apr-16","May-16","Jun-16","Jul-16","Aug-16","Sep-16","Oct-16","Nov-16","Dec-16","Jan-17","Feb-17","Mar-17","Apr-17","May-17","Jun-17","Jul-17","Aug-17","Sep-17","Oct-17","Nov-17","Dec-17","Jan-18","Feb-18","Mar-18","Apr-18","May-18","Jun-18","Jul-18","Aug-18","Sep-18","Oct-18","Nov-18","Dec-18","Jan-19","Feb-19","Mar-19","Apr-19","May-19","Jun-19","Jul-19","Aug-19","Sep-19","Oct-19","Nov-19","Dec-19","Jan-20","Feb-20","Mar-20","Apr-20","May-20","Jun-20","Jul-20","Aug-20","Sep-20","Oct-20","Nov-20","Dec-20","Jan-21","Feb-21","Mar-21","Apr-21","May-21","Jun-21","Jul-21","Aug-21","Sep-21","Oct-21","Nov-21","Dec-21","Jan-22","Feb-22","Mar-22","Apr-22","May-22","Jun-22","Jul-22","Aug-22","Sep-22","Oct-22","Nov-22"],[[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.400000000000006],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.5],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.799999999999997],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[66],[65.900000000000006],[65.900000000000006],[65.799999999999997],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003],[66.700000000000003]],[[65],[65],[65.299999999999997],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.099999999999994],[65],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.599999999999994],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[64.799999999999997],[65.099999999999994],[64.900000000000006],[65],[65.200000000000003],[65.200000000000003],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.799999999999997],[64.900000000000006],[65],[64.700000000000003],[64.5],[64.599999999999994],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[64.700000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[64.900000000000006],[65.099999999999994],[65.200000000000003],[65.299999999999997],[65.400000000000006],[65.299999999999997],[65.5],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[65.700000000000003],[65.599999999999994],[65.599999999999994],[65.400000000000006],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.599999999999994],[65.700000000000003],[65.700000000000003],[65.700000000000003],[65.5],[65.700000000000003],[65.900000000000006],[66],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66],[65.900000000000006],[66],[65.799999999999997],[65.799999999999997],[63.600000000000001],[62.600000000000001],[64],[64.700000000000003],[65],[64.900000000000006],[65.799999999999997],[66.099999999999994],[66.099999999999994],[66],[66],[66.200000000000003],[66],[66.099999999999994],[66.200000000000003],[66],[65.200000000000003],[64.700000000000003],[64.799999999999997],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.200000000000003],[66.5],[66.400000000000006],[66.400000000000006],[66.700000000000003],[66.799999999999997],[66.5],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.599999999999994],[66.799999999999997]]]

[]

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[{"value":"0","axis_id":"0","axis_title":"%","axis_units":"","tooltip_units":"(%)","table_units":"(%)","axis_min":null,"axis_max":null,"tick_interval":null,"precision":"1","data_unit_prefix":"","data_unit_suffix":"","reverse_axis":false}]

Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. Information on trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-12	65.0	71.5	58.6
Dec-12	65.0	71.7	58.6
Jan-13	65.3	71.9	58.8
Feb-13	65.2	71.7	58.9
Mar-13	65.1	71.5	58.8
Apr-13	65.1	71.5	59.0
May-13	65.0	71.6	58.7
Jun-13	65.1	71.6	58.7
Jul-13	64.9	71.3	58.6
Aug-13	64.9	71.3	58.7
Sep-13	64.9	71.2	58.7
Oct-13	64.8	71.2	58.7
Nov-13	64.6	71.0	58.4
Dec-13	64.5	70.9	58.2
Jan-14	64.6	70.8	58.5
Feb-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Mar-14	64.7	70.9	58.8
Apr-14	64.7	71.0	58.5
May-14	64.6	70.7	58.6
Jun-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Jul-14	64.8	71.0	58.7
Aug-14	64.7	70.9	58.6
Sep-14	64.7	70.7	58.8
Oct-14	64.7	70.9	58.7
Nov-14	64.5	71.1	58.2
Dec-14	64.6	70.8	58.6
Jan-15	64.8	71.1	58.6
Feb-15	64.9	71.2	58.8
Mar-15	64.9	71.3	58.7
Apr-15	64.8	71.1	58.7
May-15	64.8	71.0	58.9
Jun-15	64.8	70.9	58.9
Jul-15	65.1	71.1	59.3
Aug-15	64.9	71.0	59.1
Sep-15	65.0	71.0	59.2
Oct-15	65.2	71.1	59.4
Nov-15	65.2	70.9	59.7
Dec-15	65.1	70.9	59.5
Jan-16	65.2	71.3	59.4
Feb-16	65.0	70.7	59.4
Mar-16	64.9	70.8	59.3
Apr-16	64.9	70.5	59.5
May-16	64.8	70.6	59.3
Jun-16	64.9	70.4	59.6
Jul-16	65.0	70.6	59.5
Aug-16	64.7	70.5	59.1
Sep-16	64.5	70.1	59.1
Oct-16	64.6	70.3	59.0
Nov-16	64.7	70.4	59.3
Dec-16	64.8	70.5	59.3
Jan-17	64.7	70.2	59.4
Feb-17	64.7	70.4	59.2
Mar-17	64.9	70.5	59.5
Apr-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
May-17	64.9	70.6	59.5
Jun-17	65.1	70.6	59.8
Jul-17	65.2	70.8	59.7
Aug-17	65.3	70.8	60.0
Sep-17	65.4	70.8	60.1
Oct-17	65.3	70.7	60.1
Nov-17	65.5	71.0	60.3
Dec-17	65.8	71.1	60.6
Jan-18	65.8	71.2	60.5
Feb-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Mar-18	65.6	70.8	60.5
Apr-18	65.6	70.9	60.5
May-18	65.4	70.7	60.3
Jun-18	65.7	71.0	60.6
Jul-18	65.5	71.0	60.2
Aug-18	65.7	71.1	60.4
Sep-18	65.5	70.8	60.4
Oct-18	65.6	70.9	60.4
Nov-18	65.7	71.1	60.5
Dec-18	65.7	71.0	60.5
Jan-19	65.7	71.0	60.6
Feb-19	65.5	70.8	60.5
Mar-19	65.7	71.0	60.6
Apr-19	65.9	71.0	61.0
May-19	66.0	71.5	60.6
Jun-19	66.0	71.4	60.8
Jul-19	66.1	71.4	60.9
Aug-19	66.2	71.4	61.2
Sep-19	66.2	71.2	61.3
Oct-19	66.0	71.0	61.1
Nov-19	66.0	71.0	61.1
Dec-19	65.9	70.9	61.1
Jan-20	66.0	70.8	61.4
Feb-20	65.8	70.8	61.1
Mar-20	65.8	70.7	61.1
Apr-20	63.6	68.8	58.5
May-20	62.6	67.9	57.4
Jun-20	64.0	69.2	59.1
Jul-20	64.7	69.8	59.8
Aug-20	65.0	70.0	60.2
Sep-20	64.9	69.8	60.2
Oct-20	65.8	70.9	60.8
Nov-20	66.1	71.0	61.3
Dec-20	66.1	71.0	61.3
Jan-21	66.0	71.2	61.0
Feb-21	66.0	71.0	61.2
Mar-21	66.2	70.9	61.7
Apr-21	66.0	70.8	61.3
May-21	66.1	70.9	61.6
Jun-21	66.2	71.1	61.5
Jul-21	66.0	70.9	61.3
Aug-21	65.2	70.1	60.5
Sep-21	64.7	69.4	60.1
Oct-21	64.8	69.7	60.0
Nov-21	66.2	70.8	61.7
Dec-21	66.2	70.9	61.6
Jan-22	66.2	70.5	61.9
Feb-22	66.5	70.8	62.2
Mar-22	66.4	70.9	62.1
Apr-22	66.4	70.8	62.2
May-22	66.7	71.3	62.2
Jun-22	66.8	71.3	62.4
Jul-22	66.5	71.0	62.1
Aug-22	66.6	71.1	62.3
Sep-22	66.6	71.1	62.3
Oct-22	66.6	71.1	62.3
Nov-22	66.8	71.3	62.4

Participation rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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Underemployment

In trend terms, in November 2022:

underemployment rate remained at 5.9%.
underutilisation rate decreased to 9.3%.

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate
	Underemployment rate - Trend (%)	Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)	Underutilisation rate - Trend (%)	Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted (%)
Nov-12	7.0	7.0	12.3	12.3
Dec-12	7.0	7.0	12.4	12.5
Jan-13	7.1	7.0	12.5	12.4
Feb-13	7.1	7.1	12.6	12.5
Mar-13	7.2	7.2	12.7	12.9
Apr-13	7.3	7.2	12.9	12.8
May-13	7.4	7.5	13.0	13.1
Jun-13	7.4	7.5	13.1	13.2
Jul-13	7.5	7.4	13.2	13.0
Aug-13	7.5	7.6	13.2	13.4
Sep-13	7.5	7.4	13.3	13.2
Oct-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Nov-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.3
Dec-13	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Jan-14	7.5	7.3	13.3	13.3
Feb-14	7.5	7.5	13.3	13.4
Mar-14	7.6	7.5	13.4	13.4
Apr-14	7.7	7.7	13.5	13.5
May-14	7.8	7.8	13.7	13.7
Jun-14	8.0	7.9	14.0	14.0
Jul-14	8.2	8.3	14.3	14.5
Aug-14	8.3	8.4	14.5	14.5
Sep-14	8.5	8.8	14.7	15.0
Oct-14	8.5	8.2	14.8	14.6
Nov-14	8.5	8.6	14.8	15.0
Dec-14	8.5	8.4	14.8	14.5
Jan-15	8.5	8.5	14.7	14.9
Feb-15	8.5	8.5	14.6	14.7
Mar-15	8.4	8.1	14.6	14.2
Apr-15	8.4	8.3	14.5	14.4
May-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.3
Jun-15	8.4	8.4	14.5	14.4
Jul-15	8.5	8.6	14.5	14.9
Aug-15	8.6	8.4	14.6	14.5
Sep-15	8.6	8.8	14.6	14.9
Oct-15	8.6	8.7	14.6	14.6
Nov-15	8.6	8.6	14.5	14.4
Dec-15	8.6	8.5	14.4	14.2
Jan-16	8.5	8.5	14.3	14.6
Feb-16	8.4	8.4	14.2	14.0
Mar-16	8.4	8.4	14.1	14.0
Apr-16	8.5	8.6	14.2	14.3
May-16	8.6	8.3	14.2	14.0
Jun-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.5
Jul-16	8.7	9.0	14.3	14.7
Aug-16	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.4
Sep-16	8.7	8.7	14.3	14.4
Oct-16	8.6	8.5	14.3	14.1
Nov-16	8.6	8.5	14.4	14.3
Dec-16	8.7	8.6	14.4	14.4
Jan-17	8.7	8.8	14.5	14.5
Feb-17	8.7	9.0	14.5	14.9
Mar-17	8.7	8.6	14.5	14.5
Apr-17	8.7	8.8	14.4	14.4
May-17	8.6	8.7	14.3	14.2
Jun-17	8.6	8.4	14.2	14.0
Jul-17	8.6	8.5	14.1	14.2
Aug-17	8.5	8.6	14.1	14.1
Sep-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Oct-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Nov-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	13.9
Dec-17	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.1
Jan-18	8.5	8.7	14.0	14.3
Feb-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
Mar-18	8.5	8.6	14.0	14.1
Apr-18	8.5	8.5	14.0	14.0
May-18	8.5	8.5	13.9	13.8
Jun-18	8.5	8.6	13.8	13.9
Jul-18	8.4	8.5	13.7	13.8
Aug-18	8.4	8.2	13.6	13.5
Sep-18	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.3
Oct-18	8.3	8.3	13.4	13.3
Nov-18	8.2	8.5	13.3	13.6
Dec-18	8.2	8.3	13.3	13.3
Jan-19	8.2	8.1	13.3	13.2
Feb-19	8.3	8.0	13.3	13.0
Mar-19	8.3	8.2	13.4	13.3
Apr-19	8.4	8.5	13.5	13.7
May-19	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.8
Jun-19	8.4	8.2	13.7	13.5
Jul-19	8.4	8.4	13.7	13.7
Aug-19	8.4	8.6	13.7	13.8
Sep-19	8.4	8.3	13.6	13.5
Oct-19	8.3	8.5	13.5	13.8
Nov-19	8.3	8.3	13.5	13.4
Dec-19	8.3	8.2	13.5	13.3
Jan-20	8.4	8.6	13.6	13.9
Feb-20	8.5	8.5	13.7	13.6
Mar-20	8.6	8.8	13.9	14.0
Apr-20		13.8		20.1
May-20		13.1		20.2
Jun-20		11.6		19.1
Jul-20		11.2		18.8
Aug-20		11.3		18.1
Sep-20		11.3		18.3
Oct-20		10.3		17.3
Nov-20		9.3		16.1
Dec-20		8.5		15.1
Jan-21		8.2		14.5
Feb-21		8.3		14.1
Mar-21		7.9		13.5
Apr-21		7.9		13.3
May-21		7.6		12.7
Jun-21		7.9		12.9
Jul-21		8.3		13.0
Aug-21		9.3		13.8
Sep-21		9.2		13.8
Oct-21		9.4		14.6
Nov-21		7.5		12.0
Dec-21		6.6		10.8
Jan-22		6.6		10.8
Feb-22		6.5		10.5
Mar-22		6.3		10.2
Apr-22	6.2	6.2	10.1	10.1
May-22	6.1	5.8	9.9	9.7
Jun-22	6.1	6.1	9.7	9.7
Jul-22	6.0	6.0	9.6	9.5
Aug-22	6.0	6.0	9.5	9.5
Sep-22	6.0	6.0	9.4	9.6
Oct-22	5.9	6.0	9.4	9.4
Nov-22	5.9	5.8	9.3	9.3

Underemployment rate and underutilisation rate

["","Underemployment rate - Trend","Underemployment rate - Seasonally adjusted","Underutilisation rate - Trend","Underutilisation rate - Seasonally adjusted"]

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[]

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Large month-to-month changes occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in multiple trend breaks. The ABS recommends caution when using trend estimates published in spreadsheets in this release for this period. A list of trend breaks can be found in Labour Force, Australia methodology, November 2022.

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted
	People (%)	Males (%)	Females (%)
Nov-12	7.0	5.3	9.1
Dec-12	7.0	5.3	9.0
Jan-13	7.0	5.3	8.9
Feb-13	7.1	5.4	9.1
Mar-13	7.2	5.5	9.3
Apr-13	7.2	5.5	9.2
May-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jun-13	7.5	5.9	9.5
Jul-13	7.4	5.6	9.5
Aug-13	7.6	5.8	9.7
Sep-13	7.4	5.7	9.5
Oct-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Nov-13	7.5	5.7	9.6
Dec-13	7.5	5.8	9.5
Jan-14	7.3	5.7	9.3
Feb-14	7.5	5.7	9.6
Mar-14	7.5	5.7	9.7
Apr-14	7.7	5.7	9.9
May-14	7.8	5.9	9.9
Jun-14	7.9	6.0	10.2
Jul-14	8.3	6.4	10.6
Aug-14	8.4	6.4	10.7
Sep-14	8.8	6.9	11.1
Oct-14	8.2	6.3	10.4
Nov-14	8.6	6.7	10.9
Dec-14	8.4	6.5	10.7
Jan-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Feb-15	8.5	6.5	10.9
Mar-15	8.1	5.9	10.8
Apr-15	8.3	6.4	10.6
May-15	8.4	6.4	10.7
Jun-15	8.4	6.5	10.6
Jul-15	8.6	6.9	10.7
Aug-15	8.4	6.5	10.7
Sep-15	8.8	6.7	11.1
Oct-15	8.7	6.7	11.0
Nov-15	8.6	6.7	10.8
Dec-15	8.5	6.3	10.9
Jan-16	8.5	6.6	10.7
Feb-16	8.4	6.5	10.5
Mar-16	8.4	6.6	10.5
Apr-16	8.6	7.1	10.4
May-16	8.3	6.7	10.2
Jun-16	8.8	7.0	10.8
Jul-16	9.0	7.0	11.3
Aug-16	8.8	7.2	10.7
Sep-16	8.7	6.9	10.8
Oct-16	8.5	6.8	10.6
Nov-16	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-16	8.6	6.8	10.7
Jan-17	8.8	6.9	11.0
Feb-17	9.0	6.9	11.4
Mar-17	8.6	6.8	10.7
Apr-17	8.8	6.7	11.1
May-17	8.7	6.8	10.9
Jun-17	8.4	6.6	10.5
Jul-17	8.5	6.9	10.5
Aug-17	8.6	6.9	10.6
Sep-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Oct-17	8.5	6.6	10.7
Nov-17	8.5	6.7	10.6
Dec-17	8.5	6.4	10.8
Jan-18	8.7	7.0	10.7
Feb-18	8.5	6.6	10.5
Mar-18	8.6	6.5	10.9
Apr-18	8.5	6.4	10.8
May-18	8.5	6.5	10.7
Jun-18	8.6	6.6	10.9
Jul-18	8.5	6.4	10.9
Aug-18	8.2	6.1	10.6
Sep-18	8.3	6.3	10.6
Oct-18	8.3	6.2	10.7
Nov-18	8.5	6.6	10.6
Dec-18	8.3	6.4	10.4
Jan-19	8.1	6.2	10.4
Feb-19	8.0	6.2	10.0
Mar-19	8.2	6.5	10.2
Apr-19	8.5	6.9	10.3
May-19	8.6	6.9	10.5
Jun-19	8.2	6.6	10.0
Jul-19	8.4	6.7	10.4
Aug-19	8.6	7.0	10.4
Sep-19	8.3	6.8	10.1
Oct-19	8.5	6.7	10.6
Nov-19	8.3	6.6	10.1
Dec-19	8.2	6.6	10.1
Jan-20	8.6	6.7	10.8
Feb-20	8.5	6.6	10.7
Mar-20	8.8	7.2	10.6
Apr-20	13.8	12.6	15.1
May-20	13.1	12.3	14.1
Jun-20	11.6	10.7	12.6
Jul-20	11.2	10.4	12.2
Aug-20	11.3	10.5	12.1
Sep-20	11.3	10.6	12.1
Oct-20	10.3	9.0	11.8
Nov-20	9.3	8.0	10.8
Dec-20	8.5	7.0	10.2
Jan-21	8.2	6.9	9.6
Feb-21	8.3	7.2	9.6
Mar-21	7.9	6.6	9.3
Apr-21	7.9	6.5	9.3
May-21	7.6	6.5	8.8
Jun-21	7.9	6.8	9.1
Jul-21	8.3	7.1	9.7
Aug-21	9.3	8.5	10.1
Sep-21	9.2	8.4	10.0
Oct-21	9.4	8.8	10.1
Nov-21	7.5	6.3	8.8
Dec-21	6.6	5.6	7.8
Jan-22	6.6	5.5	7.9
Feb-22	6.5	5.3	7.8
Mar-22	6.3	5.1	7.7
Apr-22	6.2	5.0	7.5
May-22	5.8	4.8	7.0
Jun-22	6.1	5.1	7.3
Jul-22	6.0	4.9	7.3
Aug-22	6.0	4.9	7.2
Sep-22	6.0	5.0	7.1
Oct-22	6.0	4.9	7.2
Nov-22	5.8	4.6	7.1

Underemployment rate, Seasonally adjusted

["","People","Males","Females"]

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States and Territories

November 2022 - Trend
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,307,400	3,526,400	2,792,000	921,600	1,516,100	290,000	140,600	258,600	13,752,800
Employed people - monthly change	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	0.3%	0.1%	0.5%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%
Employment to population ratio	64.4%	64.6%	64.0%	60.9%	66.7%	60.4%	70.8%	69.9%	64.4%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	0.2 pts	0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	0.2 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts
Unemployment rate	3.2%	3.6%	3.3%	4.1%	3.5%	4.0%	3.8%	2.9%	3.5%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts
Underemployment rate	5.4%	5.7%	6.6%	6.7%	5.6%	6.7%	5.2%	4.7%	5.9%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts
Participation rate	66.5%	67.0%	66.2%	63.5%	69.1%	62.9%	73.6%	72.1%	66.7%
Participation rate - monthly change	0.2 pts	0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts	0.2 pts	0.0 pts	0.1 pts	0.0 pts

November 2022 - Seasonally adjusted
	New South Wales	Victoria	Queensland	South Australia	Western Australia	Tasmania	Northern Territory	Australian Capital Territory	Australia
Employed people	4,322,900	3,532,500	2,790,100	920,300	1,511,500	292,000	144,000	258,600	13,769,400
Employed people - monthly change	0.7%	0.9%	0.1%	-0.1%	0.5%	1.4%	2.4%	-1.0%	0.5%
Employment to population ratio	64.6%	64.7%	64.0%	60.8%	66.5%	60.8%	72.7%	69.8%	64.5%
Employment to population ratio - monthly change	0.3 pts	0.4 pts	0.0 pts	-0.2 pts	0.2 pts	0.7 pts	1.7 pts	-0.8 pts	0.2 pts
Unemployment rate	3.2%	3.7%	3.3%	4.1%	3.5%	3.5%	3.3%	2.5%	3.4%
Unemployment rate - monthly change	0.2 pts	0.0 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	-0.1 pts	-0.4 pts	-0.5 pts	-0.6 pts	0.0 pts
Underemployment rate	5.2%	5.7%	6.6%	6.8%	5.5%	6.8%	4.4%	4.5%	5.8%
Underemployment rate - monthly change	-0.3 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts	0.3 pts	-0.1 pts	0.1 pts	-0.6 pts	0.0 pts	-0.1 pts
Participation rate	66.7%	67.1%	66.2%	63.4%	68.9%	63.0%	75.2%	71.6%	66.8%
Participation rate - monthly change	0.5 pts	0.4 pts	0.0 pts	-0.2 pts	0.2 pts	0.5 pts	1.4 pts	-1.3 pts	0.2 pts

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

Incoming and outgoing rotation groups
	October outgoing rotation group	November incoming rotation group	November outgoing rotation group	November estimate (Original)
Employment to population ratio	62.9%	65.3%	62.9%	64.7%
Full-time employment to population ratio	43.4%	45.8%	44.4%	45.0%
Unemployment rate	3.6%	3.7%	3.2%	3.2%
Participation rate	65.3%	67.8%	65.0%	66.8%

States and Territories

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data files

Download xlsx [42.23 KB]

Data downloads

Labour Force Survey results are released in three stages.

Spreadsheets of the headline indicators are published in this release
Additional, more detailed spreadsheets and pivot tables are published in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed one week after this first release
Longitudinal labour force microdata are released in the ABS DataLab on a monthly basis, one day after the detailed release (see Microdata: Longitudinal Labour Force, Australia)

See the Survey output section of Labour Force, Australia methodology for more information.

Labour Force status

Data files

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [702.09 KB]
Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [519.92 KB]
Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [519.27 KB]
Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [521.44 KB]
Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [515.18 KB]
Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [518.73 KB]
Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [517.29 KB]
Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [466.85 KB]
Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.63 KB]
Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original
Download xlsx [423.2 KB]
Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [161.72 KB]
Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.28 MB]
Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [276.55 KB]
Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [687.03 KB]
Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex
Download xlsx [770.96 KB]
Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)
Download xlsx [2.36 MB]
Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [582.77 KB]
Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [697.53 KB]

Hours worked

Data files

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [255.37 KB]
Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [60.23 KB]
Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [57 KB]
EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [17.88 MB]
EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)
Download xlsx [8.32 MB]

Underemployment and underutilisation

Data files

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [4.78 MB]
Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original
Download xlsx [5.83 MB]
Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted
Download xlsx [398.88 KB]
Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [440.91 KB]
Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)
Download xlsx [364.6 KB]

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

Data files

Download xlsx [79.64 MB]

All time series spreadsheets

Data files

Download zip [26.04 MB]

Data Explorer datasets

Caution: Data in the Data Explorer is currently released after the 11:30am release on the ABS website. Please check the time period when using Data Explorer.

For information on Data Explorer and how it works, see the Data Explorer user guide.

Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force, monthly, February 1978 and onwards

APA

Labour Force, Australia

APA

Key statistics

Survey impacts and changes

Guide to labour statistics

Articles and other information

Major rebenchmarking of labour force estimates

Survey response and timeline

Unemployment

Employment

Flows into and out of employment

Full-time and part-time employment

Employment-to-population ratio

Hours worked

Participation

Underemployment

States and Territories

Rotation group analysis

Sample composition and rotation

Estimates for the incoming and outgoing rotation groups

States and Territories

Comparability with seasonally adjusted and trend data

Contribution from sample components to estimates

Data downloads

Labour Force status

Table 1. Labour force status by Sex, Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 4. Labour force status by Sex, New South Wales - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 5. Labour force status by Sex, Victoria - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 6. Labour force status by Sex, Queensland - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 7. Labour force status by Sex, South Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 8. Labour force status by Sex, Western Australia - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 9. Labour force status by Sex, Tasmania - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 10. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Trend and Original

Table 10a. Labour force status by Sex, Northern Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 11. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Trend and Original

Table 11a. Labour force status by Sex, Australian Capital Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 12. Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 12a. Labour force status by Sex, Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 13. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 15. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by Educational attendance (full-time) and Sex

Table 16. Labour force status for 15-24 year olds by State, Territory and Educational attendance (full-time)

Table 17. Labour force status for 15-19 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 18. Labour force status for 15-64 year olds by Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Hours worked

Table 19. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and by State and Territory - Trend and Seasonally adjusted

Table 19a. Monthly hours worked in all jobs by Employed full-time, part-time and Sex and Territory - Seasonally adjusted

Table 21. Quarterly hours worked in all jobs by Market and Non-market sector - Seasonally adjusted

EM2a - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs and sex, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

EM2b - Employed persons who worked fewer hours than usual by hours actually worked in all jobs, state and territory, January 1991 onwards (pivot table)

Underemployment and underutilisation

Table 22. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23. Underutilised persons by State and Territory and Sex - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original

Table 23a. Underutilised persons by Territory and Sex - Seasonally adjusted

Table 24. Underutilised persons by Age and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Table 25. Underutilised persons by State, Territory and Sex (expanded analytical series)

Flows into and out of employment

GM1 - Labour force status and Gross changes (flows) by Age, Sex, State and Territory, February 1991 onwards

All time series spreadsheets

All time series spreadsheets

Data Explorer datasets

Article archive

Understanding the labour force

Employment and jobs

Unemployment and underemployment

Hours worked

Regional estimates

LFS content and output

Methodology

Previous catalogue number

Methodology

Articles

Major Rebenchmarking of Labour Force Estimates

Insights into hours worked, November 2022

Historical charts from August 1966 to November 2022

Media releases

Participation rate returns to record high in November

Do you need more detailed statistics?

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