Consumer Price Index, Australia

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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

March 2021

Released

28/04/2021

View all releases

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 0.6% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the March 2021 quarter, the CPI rose 1.1%.
The most significant price rise was Automotive fuel (+8.7%).
The most significant price fall was Furniture (-3.0%).

What's new this quarter

In June 2020, the Commonwealth government announced changes to university student contributions as part of the Job-ready Graduate Package. These changes took effect from 1 January 2021 and are incorporated in the measure of Tertiary education in the March 2021 quarter CPI.

A spotlight article was published on 23 March 2021 highlighting the history of Automotive fuel in the CPI as well as the important events affecting fuel prices and inflation.

Automotive fuel in the CPI

Main features

All groups CPI, quarterly change
Quarter	Change from previous quarter (%)
Mar-12	0.1
Jun-12	0.5
Sep-12	1.4
Dec-12	0.2
Mar-13	0.4
Jun-13	0.4
Sep-13	1.2
Dec-13	0.8
Mar-14	0.6
Jun-14	0.5
Sep-14	0.5
Dec-14	0.2
Mar-15	0.2
Jun-15	0.7
Sep-15	0.5
Dec-15	0.4
Mar-16	-0.2
Jun-16	0.4
Sep-16	0.7
Dec-16	0.5
Mar-17	0.5
Jun-17	0.2
Sep-17	0.6
Dec-17	0.6
Mar-18	0.4
Jun-18	0.4
Sep-18	0.4
Dec-18	0.5
Mar-19	0
Jun-19	0.6
Sep-19	0.5
Dec-19	0.7
Mar-20	0.3
Jun-20	-1.9
Sep-20	1.6
Dec-20	0.9
Mar-21	0.6

All groups CPI, quarterly change

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter"]

[["Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21"],[[0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[1.3999999999999999],[0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[-1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998]]]

[]

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Weighted average of eight capital cities
		Dec Qtr 2020 to Mar Qtr 2021	Mar Qtr 2020 to Mar Qtr 2021
		% change	% change
All groups CPI		0.6	1.1
Food and non-alcoholic beverages		0.4	0.7
Alcohol and tobacco		0.3	7.9
Clothing and footwear		0.5	0.0
Housing		0.1	-1.1
Furnishings, household equipment and services		-0.2	2.7
Health		2.0	3.0
Transport		3.2	0.4
Communication		0.5	-1.9
Recreation and culture		-0.2	1.5
Education		0.4	-0.1
Insurance and financial services		0.1	0.6
CPI analytical series
	All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	0.5	1.0
	Trimmed mean	0.3	1.1
	Weighted median	0.4	1.3

Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter
All groups CPI		0.6
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.4
Alcohol and tobacco	0.3
Clothing and footwear	0.5
Housing	0.1
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.2
Health	2
Transport	3.2
Communication	0.5
Recreation and culture	-0.2
Education	0.4
Insurance and financial services	0.1

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[0.40000000000000002],[0.29999999999999999],[0.5],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[2],[3.2000000000000002],[0.5],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001]],[[0.59999999999999998],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.4%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+0.3%)

Clothing and footwear group (+0.5%)

Housing group (+0.1%)

Changes to the Housing group were influenced by a range of government assistance schemes both at the State and Commonwealth level. The main contributors to the change were:

Maintenance and repair of dwellings which rose 1.1% as prices returned to previous levels following the completion of the Northern Territory Government's Home Improvement Scheme.
Electricity fell 0.9%, partially offsetting the rise. An annual review of Victorian electricity prices drove a fall in Melbourne. Perth rose 41.6%, as electricity costs returned to more normal levels following the introduction of the $600 household electricity credit by the Western Australian (WA) Government in the December 2020 quarter.
New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers fell 0.1%.

HomeBuilder and state-based housing construction grants in WA and Tasmania have had a significant impact on the CPI series New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers in the March 2021 quarter. The following graph shows the impact before and after the application of the housing construction grants in the CPI.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, percentage change from previous quarter
Capital city	Before government housing construction grants	After government housing construction grants
Sydney	0.3	-1.0
Melbourne	1.9	0.5
Brisbane	1.9	-1.1
Adelaide	3.8	0.8
Perth	6.2	2.8
Hobart	2.2	-1.2
Darwin	3.1	1.5
Canberra	0.3	-0.1
Weighted Average of eight capital cities	1.9	-0.1

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, percentage change from previous quarter

["Capital city","Before government housing construction grants","After government housing construction grants"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra","Weighted Average of eight capital cities"],[[0.29999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[3.7999999999999998],[6.2000000000000002],[2.2000000000000002],[3.1000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999]],[[-1],[0.5],[-1.1000000000000001],[0.80000000000000004],[2.7999999999999998],[-1.2],[1.5],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001]]]

[]

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Without the impact of the government grants, the New dwelling series would have risen 1.9%, reflecting increases in materials and labour prices in response to strong demand.
The large offset from the grants this quarter is due to a substantial increase in the number of payments for HomeBuilder and the WA and Tasmanian grants.
It is expected that these grants will continue to impact the measurement of new dwelling purchases over the next few quarters as applications are finalised and grants are paid.

Over the past twelve months the group fell 1.1%, which is the most significant fall since 1998. The fall was driven by Electricity (-11.2%), and Rents (-1.4%), the largest annual fall on record for both series.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group fell 0.1%. The main contributor was Electricity (-1.9%).

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (-0.2%)

Health group (+2.0%)

Transport group (+3.2%)

The Transport group was the main contributor to this quarter’s headline CPI change. The most significant contributor to the change was:

Automotive fuel which rose 8.7% as a result of a further recovery in world oil prices from large price falls in early 2020 due to COVID-19 related global lockdowns. Automotive fuel prices rose in January (+1.7%), February (+2.7%) and March (+7.0%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 0.4%. Motor vehicles (+5.7%) was the main contributor due to increasing demand coupled with supply disruptions.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 3.1%. Motor vehicles (+0.5%) was the main contributor.

The following graph shows the pattern of the average daily prices for unleaded petrol for the eight capital cities over the past fifteen months.

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Daily average price of ULP (cents)	Quarterly average price of ULP (cents)
Mar-20	143.47	139.40
Mar-20	142.05	139.40
Mar-20	143.51	139.40
Mar-20	144.10	139.40
Mar-20	143.14	139.40
Mar-20	142.35	139.40
Mar-20	147.04	139.40
Mar-20	148.26	139.40
Mar-20	148.76	139.40
Mar-20	150.68	139.40
Mar-20	151.82	139.40
Mar-20	152.58	139.40
Mar-20	153.56	139.40
Mar-20	160.44	139.40
Mar-20	160.93	139.40
Mar-20	159.34	139.40
Mar-20	156.06	139.40
Mar-20	152.74	139.40
Mar-20	152.96	139.40
Mar-20	153.27	139.40
Mar-20	156.21	139.40
Mar-20	154.07	139.40
Mar-20	150.76	139.40
Mar-20	147.86	139.40
Mar-20	145.34	139.40
Mar-20	143.34	139.40
Mar-20	140.93	139.40
Mar-20	143.97	139.40
Mar-20	142.05	139.40
Mar-20	139.27	139.40
Mar-20	136.99	139.40
Mar-20	134.75	139.40
Mar-20	133.32	139.40
Mar-20	133.58	139.40
Mar-20	137.42	139.40
Mar-20	140.03	139.40
Mar-20	141.00	139.40
Mar-20	140.75	139.40
Mar-20	139.68	139.40
Mar-20	139.14	139.40
Mar-20	140.80	139.40
Mar-20	148.04	139.40
Mar-20	155.00	139.40
Mar-20	155.72	139.40
Mar-20	154.90	139.40
Mar-20	151.05	139.40
Mar-20	149.19	139.40
Mar-20	148.68	139.40
Mar-20	149.08	139.40
Mar-20	148.64	139.40
Mar-20	148.03	139.40
Mar-20	146.74	139.40
Mar-20	143.23	139.40
Mar-20	141.40	139.40
Mar-20	139.24	139.40
Mar-20	138.32	139.40
Mar-20	138.32	139.40
Mar-20	135.79	139.40
Mar-20	133.38	139.40
Mar-20	132.29	139.40
Mar-20	130.19	139.40
Mar-20	129.13	139.40
Mar-20	129.85	139.40
Mar-20	130.99	139.40
Mar-20	130.00	139.40
Mar-20	128.24	139.40
Mar-20	126.84	139.40
Mar-20	125.77	139.40
Mar-20	124.51	139.40
Mar-20	125.58	139.40
Mar-20	127.66	139.40
Mar-20	128.62	139.40
Mar-20	126.80	139.40
Mar-20	126.52	139.40
Mar-20	125.80	139.40
Mar-20	124.13	139.40
Mar-20	126.83	139.40
Mar-20	130.21	139.40
Mar-20	129.75	139.40
Mar-20	130.71	139.40
Mar-20	129.01	139.40
Mar-20	128.60	139.40
Mar-20	128.67	139.40
Mar-20	129.49	139.40
Mar-20	128.72	139.40
Mar-20	126.57	139.40
Mar-20	124.31	139.40
Mar-20	120.56	139.40
Mar-20	119.09	139.40
Mar-20	120.37	139.40
Mar-20	126.52	139.40
Jun-20	120.09	110.49
Jun-20	119.78	110.49
Jun-20	119.32	110.49
Jun-20	116.25	110.49
Jun-20	114.25	110.49
Jun-20	112.68	110.49
Jun-20	112.09	110.49
Jun-20	115.44	110.49
Jun-20	113.45	110.49
Jun-20	109.81	110.49
Jun-20	107.68	110.49
Jun-20	104.83	110.49
Jun-20	102.60	110.49
Jun-20	102.49	110.49
Jun-20	106.21	110.49
Jun-20	106.20	110.49
Jun-20	105.35	110.49
Jun-20	103.15	110.49
Jun-20	101.26	110.49
Jun-20	99.81	110.49
Jun-20	97.92	110.49
Jun-20	102.46	110.49
Jun-20	100.48	110.49
Jun-20	97.40	110.49
Jun-20	95.20	110.49
Jun-20	93.60	110.49
Jun-20	92.46	110.49
Jun-20	92.30	110.49
Jun-20	99.76	110.49
Jun-20	100.14	110.49
Jun-20	100.92	110.49
Jun-20	99.41	110.49
Jun-20	97.79	110.49
Jun-20	96.20	110.49
Jun-20	96.84	110.49
Jun-20	104.13	110.49
Jun-20	105.24	110.49
Jun-20	104.70	110.49
Jun-20	103.87	110.49
Jun-20	106.28	110.49
Jun-20	107.45	110.49
Jun-20	108.53	110.49
Jun-20	115.18	110.49
Jun-20	115.28	110.49
Jun-20	113.44	110.49
Jun-20	111.11	110.49
Jun-20	109.38	110.49
Jun-20	108.72	110.49
Jun-20	107.36	110.49
Jun-20	112.29	110.49
Jun-20	110.92	110.49
Jun-20	108.91	110.49
Jun-20	108.18	110.49
Jun-20	109.05	110.49
Jun-20	108.43	110.49
Jun-20	107.38	110.49
Jun-20	112.49	110.49
Jun-20	110.94	110.49
Jun-20	109.06	110.49
Jun-20	108.05	110.49
Jun-20	106.64	110.49
Jun-20	106.22	110.49
Jun-20	105.39	110.49
Jun-20	111.61	110.49
Jun-20	112.48	110.49
Jun-20	112.47	110.49
Jun-20	112.60	110.49
Jun-20	116.41	110.49
Jun-20	117.87	110.49
Jun-20	119.12	110.49
Jun-20	127.78	110.49
Jun-20	127.46	110.49
Jun-20	126.33	110.49
Jun-20	124.18	110.49
Jun-20	122.12	110.49
Jun-20	120.49	110.49
Jun-20	119.21	110.49
Jun-20	124.31	110.49
Jun-20	122.80	110.49
Jun-20	120.70	110.49
Jun-20	121.71	110.49
Jun-20	120.99	110.49
Jun-20	119.27	110.49
Jun-20	118.15	110.49
Jun-20	123.71	110.49
Jun-20	122.64	110.49
Jun-20	120.71	110.49
Jun-20	119.04	110.49
Jun-20	117.69	110.49
Jun-20	116.77	110.49
Jun-20	115.91	110.49
Sep-20	123.48	123.34
Sep-20	123.93	123.34
Sep-20	122.87	123.34
Sep-20	122.36	123.34
Sep-20	122.51	123.34
Sep-20	122.66	123.34
Sep-20	121.94	123.34
Sep-20	126.26	123.34
Sep-20	126.58	123.34
Sep-20	123.87	123.34
Sep-20	121.52	123.34
Sep-20	120.32	123.34
Sep-20	119.62	123.34
Sep-20	118.92	123.34
Sep-20	125.28	123.34
Sep-20	124.42	123.34
Sep-20	125.59	123.34
Sep-20	125.73	123.34
Sep-20	126.40	123.34
Sep-20	126.10	123.34
Sep-20	124.86	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	127.69	123.34
Sep-20	125.19	123.34
Sep-20	123.31	123.34
Sep-20	121.75	123.34
Sep-20	119.97	123.34
Sep-20	119.95	123.34
Sep-20	128.73	123.34
Sep-20	130.58	123.34
Sep-20	129.55	123.34
Sep-20	128.81	123.34
Sep-20	128.31	123.34
Sep-20	127.96	123.34
Sep-20	126.34	123.34
Sep-20	132.11	123.34
Sep-20	129.77	123.34
Sep-20	126.06	123.34
Sep-20	122.21	123.34
Sep-20	120.31	123.34
Sep-20	119.28	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	123.50	123.34
Sep-20	123.35	123.34
Sep-20	120.70	123.34
Sep-20	119.01	123.34
Sep-20	118.73	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	115.35	123.34
Sep-20	121.22	123.34
Sep-20	120.19	123.34
Sep-20	118.03	123.34
Sep-20	116.83	123.34
Sep-20	115.25	123.34
Sep-20	115.36	123.34
Sep-20	115.98	123.34
Sep-20	125.51	123.34
Sep-20	126.81	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	131.96	123.34
Sep-20	133.82	123.34
Sep-20	132.61	123.34
Sep-20	138.98	123.34
Sep-20	136.67	123.34
Sep-20	132.70	123.34
Sep-20	129.34	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	125.54	123.34
Sep-20	123.99	123.34
Sep-20	129.70	123.34
Sep-20	127.53	123.34
Sep-20	124.41	123.34
Sep-20	122.90	123.34
Sep-20	122.11	123.34
Sep-20	122.45	123.34
Sep-20	121.90	123.34
Sep-20	127.70	123.34
Sep-20	125.14	123.34
Sep-20	121.73	123.34
Sep-20	118.45	123.34
Sep-20	116.03	123.34
Sep-20	113.89	123.34
Sep-20	112.46	123.34
Sep-20	118.99	123.34
Sep-20	117.13	123.34
Sep-20	114.71	123.34
Sep-20	113.61	123.34
Sep-20	114.84	123.34
Sep-20	114.33	123.34
Sep-20	113.86	123.34
Sep-20	120.61	123.34
Dec-20	121.94	123.17
Dec-20	119.99	123.17
Dec-20	117.63	123.17
Dec-20	116.02	123.17
Dec-20	114.17	123.17
Dec-20	115.26	123.17
Dec-20	122.57	123.17
Dec-20	122.48	123.17
Dec-20	120.71	123.17
Dec-20	117.84	123.17
Dec-20	117.50	123.17
Dec-20	118.85	123.17
Dec-20	118.37	123.17
Dec-20	126.17	123.17
Dec-20	124.92	123.17
Dec-20	123.04	123.17
Dec-20	120.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.87	123.17
Dec-20	123.30	123.17
Dec-20	122.97	123.17
Dec-20	131.65	123.17
Dec-20	131.43	123.17
Dec-20	127.37	123.17
Dec-20	124.78	123.17
Dec-20	123.11	123.17
Dec-20	121.75	123.17
Dec-20	119.18	123.17
Dec-20	125.86	123.17
Dec-20	124.01	123.17
Dec-20	120.98	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	116.62	123.17
Dec-20	114.70	123.17
Dec-20	112.18	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	118.89	123.17
Dec-20	117.06	123.17
Dec-20	115.65	123.17
Dec-20	114.90	123.17
Dec-20	115.01	123.17
Dec-20	116.47	123.17
Dec-20	125.17	123.17
Dec-20	126.12	123.17
Dec-20	124.32	123.17
Dec-20	121.56	123.17
Dec-20	120.69	123.17
Dec-20	120.57	123.17
Dec-20	121.64	123.17
Dec-20	129.07	123.17
Dec-20	129.17	123.17
Dec-20	127.51	123.17
Dec-20	123.68	123.17
Dec-20	122.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.20	123.17
Dec-20	119.69	123.17
Dec-20	124.75	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	119.97	123.17
Dec-20	116.95	123.17
Dec-20	120.33	123.17
Dec-20	120.29	123.17
Dec-20	119.20	123.17
Dec-20	125.02	123.17
Dec-20	123.48	123.17
Dec-20	122.09	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	119.44	123.17
Dec-20	119.59	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	127.08	123.17
Dec-20	125.92	123.17
Dec-20	126.70	123.17
Dec-20	125.59	123.17
Dec-20	127.90	123.17
Dec-20	127.78	123.17
Dec-20	127.66	123.17
Dec-20	136.20	123.17
Dec-20	134.82	123.17
Dec-20	133.39	123.17
Dec-20	131.18	123.17
Dec-20	130.61	123.17
Dec-20	131.14	123.17
Dec-20	129.12	123.17
Dec-20	135.81	123.17
Dec-20	133.32	123.17
Dec-20	129.57	123.17
Dec-20	126.49	123.17
Dec-20	125.03	123.17
Dec-20	124.33	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	128.67	123.17
Dec-20	126.93	123.17
Mar-21	124.05	134.65
Mar-21	121.99	134.65
Mar-21	121.91	134.65
Mar-21	121.02	134.65
Mar-21	119.77	134.65
Mar-21	126.27	134.65
Mar-21	124.62	134.65
Mar-21	121.81	134.65
Mar-21	118.93	134.65
Mar-21	116.93	134.65
Mar-21	115.33	134.65
Mar-21	114.65	134.65
Mar-21	122.98	134.65
Mar-21	123.21	134.65
Mar-21	122.80	134.65
Mar-21	121.92	134.65
Mar-21	124.08	134.65
Mar-21	126.91	134.65
Mar-21	130.31	134.65
Mar-21	143.78	134.65
Mar-21	145.93	134.65
Mar-21	144.05	134.65
Mar-21	140.15	134.65
Mar-21	138.55	134.65
Mar-21	138.38	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	142.97	134.65
Mar-21	140.19	134.65
Mar-21	136.35	134.65
Mar-21	133.46	134.65
Mar-21	133.08	134.65
Mar-21	134.81	134.65
Mar-21	133.30	134.65
Mar-21	138.63	134.65
Mar-21	136.33	134.65
Mar-21	133.76	134.65
Mar-21	130.69	134.65
Mar-21	128.64	134.65
Mar-21	126.19	134.65
Mar-21	124.86	134.65
Mar-21	131.19	134.65
Mar-21	130.98	134.65
Mar-21	129.67	134.65
Mar-21	128.05	134.65
Mar-21	128.99	134.65
Mar-21	129.18	134.65
Mar-21	128.79	134.65
Mar-21	140.03	134.65
Mar-21	137.74	134.65
Mar-21	136.10	134.65
Mar-21	133.23	134.65
Mar-21	132.06	134.65
Mar-21	133.44	134.65
Mar-21	133.28	134.65
Mar-21	140.37	134.65
Mar-21	139.26	134.65
Mar-21	137.11	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	134.37	134.65
Mar-21	138.30	134.65
Mar-21	139.88	134.65
Mar-21	152.01	134.65
Mar-21	150.21	134.65
Mar-21	147.86	134.65
Mar-21	145.24	134.65
Mar-21	143.43	134.65
Mar-21	140.28	134.65
Mar-21	139.47	134.65
Mar-21	147.05	134.65
Mar-21	144.28	134.65
Mar-21	141.38	134.65
Mar-21	139.04	134.65
Mar-21	139.73	134.65
Mar-21	138.24	134.65
Mar-21	137.56	134.65
Mar-21	146.58	134.65
Mar-21	144.61	134.65
Mar-21	142.07	134.65
Mar-21	138.98	134.65
Mar-21	137.08	134.65
Mar-21	135.86	134.65
Mar-21	134.97	134.65
Mar-21	143.23	134.65
Mar-21	142.47	134.65
Mar-21	140.59	134.65
Mar-21	138.46	134.65
Mar-21	138.92	134.65
Mar-21	140.50	134.65
Mar-21	140.49	134.65
Mar-21	152.74	134.65

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Daily average price of ULP","Quarterly average price of ULP"]

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Communication group (+0.5%)

Recreation and culture group (-0.2%)

Education group (+0.4%)

Insurance and financial services group (+0.1%)

International trade exposure - tradable and non-tradables

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Dec Qtr 2020 to Mar Qtr 2021 percentage change
	Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI	0.6	0.5
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.4	-0.1
Alcohol and tobacco	0.3	1.1
Clothing and footwear	0.5	1.6
Housing	0.1	-0.1
Furnishings, household equipment and services	-0.2	0.6
Health	2.0	0.8
Transport	3.2	3.1
Communication(a)	0.5	0.5
Recreation and culture	-0.2	0.6
Education	0.4	-1.5
Insurance and financial services	0.1	0.1
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	1.1	1.0
	Non-tradables	0.4	0.3

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter
Sydney	0.4
Melbourne	0.3
Brisbane	0.6
Adelaide	0.6
Perth	1.4
Hobart	0.8
Darwin	2.6
Canberra	0.9
Weighted average of eight capital cities		0.6

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter

["All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter"]

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All groups CPI, All groups index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change
	Mar Qtr 2021	Dec Qtr 2020 to Mar Qtr 2021	Mar Qtr 2020 to Mar Qtr 2021
Sydney	118.5	0.4	0.9
Melbourne	118.8	0.3	0.8
Brisbane	118.2	0.6	1.7
Adelaide	117.2	0.6	1.2
Perth	114.6	1.4	1.0
Hobart	118.5	0.8	1.1
Darwin	114.4	2.6	2.3
Canberra	117.3	0.9	1.6
Weighted average of eight capital cities	117.9	0.6	1.1

a. Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

At the All groups level, the CPI rose in all eight capital cities, ranging from 0.3% in Melbourne to 1.4% in Perth and 2.6% in Darwin.

In all capital cities:

Automotive fuel rose, reflecting a further recovery in world oil consumption following large falls in early 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 related lockdowns.
Medical & hospital services and Pharmaceutical products rose due to the Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) safety net resetting on 1 January, therefore increasing patients' out-of-pocket expenses.

Capital city highlights:

Sydney (+0.4%)

Melbourne (+0.3%)

Brisbane (+0.6%)

Adelaide (+0.6%)

Perth (+1.4%)

Hobart (+0.8%)

Darwin (+2.6%)

Canberra (+0.9%)

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Group	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	1.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Alcohol & tobacco	0.0	0.9	0.4	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3
Clothing & footwear	0.9	0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.8	0.5
Housing	-0.6	-0.5	0.0	0.5	3.2	0.0	10.2	0.3	0.1
Furnishings, household equipment and services	0.4	-0.8	-0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Health	2.0	2.3	2.3	1.2	1.7	1.8	2.2	2.5	2.0
Transport	3.1	2.4	3.2	5.2	4.0	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.2
Communication	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Recreation & culture	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-1.0	-0.8	0.3	-0.7	0.4	-0.2
Education	0.7	-0.1	1.2	-0.4	-0.2	7.8	3.9	2.4	0.4
Insurance & financial services	0.5	-0.5	-0.6	0.9	0.4	-1.1	0.1	-0.9	0.1

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 March	118.5	118.8	118.2	117.2	114.6	118.5	114.4	117.3	117.9
2020 December	118.0	118.4	117.5	116.5	113.0	117.6	111.5	116.3	117.2
2020 September	116.8	116.7	116.2	115.7	114.1	116.7	110.8	115.4	116.2
2020 June	114.7	115.7	113.6	114.6	112.1	115.6	109.0	112.8	114.4
2020 March	117.4	117.8	116.2	115.8	113.5	117.2	111.8	115.5	116.6
2019 December	117.1	116.9	116.3	115.4	113.1	116.7	111.5	115.0	116.2
2019 September	116.5	115.9	115.5	114.5	112.6	114.7	111.3	114.3	115.4
2019 June	115.9	115.3	114.8	113.7	112.0	114.1	111.0	113.5	114.8
2019 March	115.1	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.2	113.4	110.1	113.2	114.1
2018 December	115.2	114.6	114.0	113.0	111.3	113.6	111.0	113.1	114.1
2018 September	114.7	114.0	113.4	112.4	110.8	112.2	110.8	112.3	113.5
2018 June	114.0	113.8	112.9	112.1	110.2	111.5	110.1	111.6	113.0
2018 March	113.6	113.3	112.4	111.6	110.0	111.1	109.7	111.2	112.6
2017 December	113.3	112.3	112.3	111.2	109.9	110.3	109.7	110.3	112.1
2017 September	112.5	111.5	111.4	110.4	109.5	109.2	109.4	109.6	111.4
2017 June	111.7	111.0	111.0	109.2	109.0	108.9	108.8	108.6	110.7
2017 March	111.3	110.9	110.5	109.1	109.0	108.9	108.5	108.6	110.5
2019-20	116.4	116.6	115.4	115.1	112.8	116.1	110.9	114.4	115.7
2018-19	115.2	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.3	113.3	110.7	113.0	114.1
2017-18	113.4	112.7	112.3	111.3	109.9	110.5	109.7	110.7	112.3

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage change (from previous financial year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2019-20	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.3	2.4	0.2	1.2	1.3
2018-19	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	2.5	0.9	2.1	1.6
2017-18	2.0	2.3	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.1	1.0	2.4	1.9

Percentage change (from corresponding quarter of previous year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 March	0.9	0.8	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.1	2.3	1.6	1.1
2020 December	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.0	-0.1	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.9
2020 September	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.3	1.7	-0.4	1.0	0.7
2020 June	-1.0	0.3	-1.0	0.8	0.1	1.3	-1.8	-0.6	-0.3
2020 March	2.0	2.7	1.8	2.4	2.1	3.4	1.5	2.0	2.2
2019 December	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.6	2.7	0.5	1.7	1.8
2019 September	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.2	0.5	1.8	1.7
2019 June	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.6	2.3	0.8	1.7	1.6
2019 March	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.1	2.1	0.4	1.8	1.3
2018 December	1.7	2.0	1.5	1.6	1.3	3.0	1.2	2.5	1.8
2018 September	2.0	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.2	2.7	1.3	2.5	1.9
2018 June	2.1	2.5	1.7	2.7	1.1	2.4	1.2	2.8	2.1
2018 March	2.1	2.2	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.0	1.1	2.4	1.9
2017 December	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.3	0.8	2.1	1.0	2.2	1.9
2017 September	1.9	2.2	1.5	1.8	0.8	2.0	0.6	2.1	1.8
2017 June	2.2	2.2	1.8	1.6	0.7	2.3	0.5	2.1	1.9
2017 March	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.0	1.0	2.3	0.5	2.3	2.1

Percentage change (from previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 March	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9
2020 September	1.8	0.9	2.3	1.0	1.8	1.0	1.7	2.3	1.6
2020 June	-2.3	-1.8	-2.2	-1.0	-1.2	-1.4	-2.5	-2.3	-1.9
2020 March	0.3	0.8	-0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
2019 December	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.6	0.7
2019 September	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5
2019 June	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.6
2019 March	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.8	0.1	0.0
2018 December	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.5
2018 September	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4
2018 June	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
2018 March	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.4
2017 December	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.6	0.6
2017 September	0.7	0.5	0.4	1.1	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.9	0.6
2017 June	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2
2017 March	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.8	-0.1	0.6	0.5

Longer term series: all groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2021	117.9
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4
1985	37.9	38.8	39.7	40.5

Data downloads

Time Series Spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
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TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
Download xls [3.86 MB]
TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
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TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
Download xls [2.67 MB]
TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
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TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
Download xls [452 KB]
TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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All Time Series Spreadsheets
Download zip [3.91 MB]

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