Consumer Price Index, Australia

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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

December 2021

Released

25/01/2022

View all releases

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 1.3% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the December 2021 quarter, the CPI rose 3.5%.
The most significant price rises were for New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers (+4.2%) and Automotive fuel (+6.6%).

What's new this quarter

This issue includes the introduction of updated CPI weighting patterns. For more details see 2021 weight update of the CPI and Living Cost Indexes.
Measures of Non-discretionary and Discretionary inflation have been included in the CPI tables for the first time this quarter. Indexes can be found in Table 8 of the 'Data Downloads' tab. For more information on these measures see Measuring Non-discretionary and Discretionary Inflation.
This release includes an update to the article on 'Automotive fuel in the CPI'.

Main features

All groups CPI, quarterly change
Quarter	Change from previous quarter
Dec-12	0.2
Mar-13	0.4
Jun-13	0.4
Sep-13	1.2
Dec-13	0.8
Mar-14	0.6
Jun-14	0.5
Sep-14	0.5
Dec-14	0.2
Mar-15	0.2
Jun-15	0.7
Sep-15	0.5
Dec-15	0.4
Mar-16	-0.2
Jun-16	0.4
Sep-16	0.7
Dec-16	0.5
Mar-17	0.5
Jun-17	0.2
Sep-17	0.6
Dec-17	0.6
Mar-18	0.4
Jun-18	0.4
Sep-18	0.4
Dec-18	0.5
Mar-19	0
Jun-19	0.6
Sep-19	0.5
Dec-19	0.7
Mar-20	0.3
Jun-20	-1.9
Sep-20	1.6
Dec-20	0.9
Mar-21	0.6
Jun-21	0.8
Sep-21	0.8
Dec-21	1.3

All groups CPI, quarterly change

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter"]

[["Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[-1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998],[0.80000000000000004],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3]]]

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Weighted average of eight capital cities
		Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021	Dec Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2021
		% change	% change
All groups CPI		1.3	3.5
Food and non-alcoholic beverages		0.7	1.9
Alcohol and tobacco		0.9	1.1
Clothing and footwear		2.6	-0.3
Housing		1.8	4.0
Furnishings, household equipment and services		1.1	3.6
Health		-0.3	3.3
Transport		2.8	12.5
Communication		0.1	-0.5
Recreation and culture		1.5	2.1
Education		0.1	0.6
Insurance and financial services		1.2	2.2
CPI analytical series
	All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	1.3	3.7
	Trimmed mean	1.0	2.6
	Weighted median	0.9	2.7

Overview

Underlying inflation highest since 2014

Annual CPI inflation increased to 3.5 per cent in the December quarter, due to higher dwelling construction costs and automotive fuel prices. Trimmed mean annual inflation, which excludes large price rises and falls, increased to 2.6 per cent, the highest since June 2014.

CPI, Trimmed mean & Weighted median: Annual movement (%)
	CPI	Trimmed mean	Weighted median
Dec-13	2.7	2.7	2.9
Mar-14	2.9	2.7	2.7
Jun-14	3	2.8	2.7
Sep-14	2.3	2.4	2.6
Dec-14	1.7	2.2	2.4
Mar-15	1.3	2.3	2.4
Jun-15	1.5	2.2	2.3
Sep-15	1.5	2.1	2.2
Dec-15	1.7	2.1	2
Mar-16	1.3	1.7	1.5
Jun-16	1	1.6	1.3
Sep-16	1.3	1.6	1.1
Dec-16	1.5	1.5	1.2
Mar-17	2.1	1.7	1.6
Jun-17	1.9	1.7	1.9
Sep-17	1.8	1.7	2
Dec-17	1.9	1.7	1.9
Mar-18	1.9	1.7	1.9
Jun-18	2.1	1.6	1.9
Sep-18	1.9	1.7	1.9
Dec-18	1.8	1.8	1.9
Mar-19	1.3	1.6	1.5
Jun-19	1.6	1.6	1.4
Sep-19	1.7	1.6	1.3
Dec-19	1.8	1.5	1.2
Mar-20	2.2	1.7	1.6
Jun-20	-0.3	1.3	1.3
Sep-20	0.7	1.2	1.2
Dec-20	0.9	1.2	1.4
Mar-21	1.1	1.1	1.3
Jun-21	3.8	1.6	1.7
Sep-21	3	2.1	2.2
Dec-21	3.5	2.6	2.7

CPI, Trimmed mean & Weighted median: Annual movement (%)

["","CPI","Trimmed mean","Weighted median"]

[["Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[2.7000000000000002],[2.8999999999999999],[3],[2.2999999999999998],[1.7],[1.3],[1.5],[1.5],[1.7],[1.3],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[1.7],[1.8],[2.2000000000000002],[-0.29999999999999999],[0.69999999999999996],[0.90000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[3],[3.5]],[[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[2.2999999999999998],[2.2000000000000002],[2.1000000000000001],[2.1000000000000001],[1.7],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.5],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.6000000000000001],[1.7],[1.8],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.5],[1.7],[1.3],[1.2],[1.2],[1.1000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[2.1000000000000001],[2.6000000000000001]],[[2.8999999999999999],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[2.3999999999999999],[2.2999999999999998],[2.2000000000000002],[2],[1.5],[1.3],[1.1000000000000001],[1.2],[1.6000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[2],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.5],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.2],[1.6000000000000001],[1.3],[1.2],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.7],[2.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002]]]

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Rising construction costs drive higher prices for new dwellings

High levels of building construction activity combined with shortages of materials and labour have contributed to two consecutive quarters of the largest rise in new dwelling prices since September 2000, following the introduction of the GST. Fewer payments of Government construction grants compared to the previous quarter also contributed to the rise this quarter. These grants have the effect of reducing out of pocket expenses for new dwellings being purchased.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter	Annual percentage change
Jun-99	0.9	4.1
Sep-99	2.0	5.5
Dec-99	3.2	7.9
Mar-00	1.6	7.9
Jun-00	0.5	7.5
Sep-00	8.1	13.9
Dec-00	0.3	10.7
Mar-01	0.1	9.1
Jun-01	-0.3	8.2
Sep-01	0.9	1.0
Dec-01	1.0	1.8
Mar-02	0.9	2.5
Jun-02	1.0	3.8
Sep-02	1.0	3.9
Dec-02	0.7	3.6
Mar-03	1.5	4.3
Jun-03	1.9	5.2
Sep-03	1.7	6.0
Dec-03	1.1	6.4
Mar-04	1.0	5.9
Jun-04	1.4	5.4
Sep-04	1.1	4.7
Dec-04	1.5	5.2
Mar-05	1.4	5.5
Jun-05	0.9	5.0
Sep-05	1.2	5.0
Dec-05	0.8	4.3
Mar-06	0.4	3.3
Jun-06	1.1	3.5
Sep-06	0.2	2.5
Dec-06	0.5	2.1
Mar-07	1.0	2.8
Jun-07	0.9	2.7
Sep-07	1.0	3.5
Dec-07	1.4	4.4
Mar-08	1.7	5.1
Jun-08	1.0	5.1
Sep-08	1.3	5.4
Dec-08	0.2	4.2
Mar-09	-0.5	2.0
Jun-09	0.9	1.8
Sep-09	1.1	1.6
Dec-09	0.9	2.4
Mar-10	1.3	4.2
Jun-10	0.5	3.8
Sep-10	0.5	3.3
Dec-10	0.7	3.0
Mar-11	0.8	2.6
Jun-11	0.4	2.5
Sep-11	-0.1	1.8
Dec-11	0.3	1.4
Mar-12	-0.1	0.5
Jun-12	0.1	0.2
Sep-12	0.9	1.2
Dec-12	0.1	1.0
Mar-13	1.7	2.8
Jun-13	0.9	3.6
Sep-13	0.5	3.2
Dec-13	1.0	4.1
Mar-14	0.1	2.4
Jun-14	1.6	3.2
Sep-14	1.1	3.8
Dec-14	1.1	4.0
Mar-15	0.9	4.8
Jun-15	1.5	4.8
Sep-15	0.7	4.3
Dec-15	0.1	3.3
Mar-16	0.2	2.5
Jun-16	0.9	1.9
Sep-16	0.4	1.6
Dec-16	0.5	2.0
Mar-17	1.0	2.8
Jun-17	0.9	2.8
Sep-17	0.8	3.1
Dec-17	0.6	3.2
Mar-18	0.5	2.7
Jun-18	0.8	2.7
Sep-18	0.1	2.0
Dec-18	0.4	1.8
Mar-19	-0.2	1.2
Jun-19	-0.2	0.2
Sep-19	-0.2	-0.1
Dec-19	0.4	-0.1
Mar-20	0.4	0.5
Jun-20	0.1	0.7
Sep-20	0.5	1.4
Dec-20	0.7	1.7
Mar-21	-0.1	1.2
Jun-21	-0.1	1.0
Sep-21	3.3	3.8
Dec-21	4.2	7.5

GST introduced

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Annual percentage change"]

[["Jun-99","Sep-99","Dec-99","Mar-00","Jun-00","Sep-00","Dec-00","Mar-01","Jun-01","Sep-01","Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[0.90000000000000002],[2],[3.2000000000000002],[1.6000000000000001],[0.5],[8.0999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.29999999999999999],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[1],[0.69999999999999996],[1.5],[1.8999999999999999],[1.7],[1.1000000000000001],[1],[1.3999999999999999],[1.1000000000000001],[1.5],[1.3999999999999999],[0.90000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.40000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.5],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[1.3999999999999999],[1.7],[1],[1.3],[0.20000000000000001],[-0.5],[0.90000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[1.3],[0.5],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.80000000000000004],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001],[1.7],[0.90000000000000002],[0.5],[1],[0.10000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[1.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.80000000000000004],[0.10000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[3.2999999999999998],[4.2000000000000002]],[[4.0999999999999996],[5.5],[7.9000000000000004],[7.9000000000000004],[7.5],[13.9],[10.699999999999999],[9.0999999999999996],[8.1999999999999993],[1],[1.8],[2.5],[3.7999999999999998],[3.8999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[4.2999999999999998],[5.2000000000000002],[6],[6.4000000000000004],[5.9000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[4.7000000000000002],[5.2000000000000002],[5.5],[5],[5],[4.2999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[3.5],[2.5],[2.1000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[2.7000000000000002],[3.5],[4.4000000000000004],[5.0999999999999996],[5.0999999999999996],[5.4000000000000004],[4.2000000000000002],[2],[1.8],[1.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[4.2000000000000002],[3.7999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[3],[2.6000000000000001],[2.5],[1.8],[1.3999999999999999],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[1.2],[1],[2.7999999999999998],[3.6000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[4.0999999999999996],[2.3999999999999999],[3.2000000000000002],[3.7999999999999998],[4],[4.7999999999999998],[4.7999999999999998],[4.2999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[2.5],[1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[2],[2.7999999999999998],[2.7999999999999998],[3.1000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2],[1.8],[1.2],[0.20000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[1.3999999999999999],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[3.7999999999999998],[7.5]]]

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Petrol prices at record level

Automotive fuel prices rose for the sixth consecutive quarter, resulting in the strongest annual rise since 1990. The Automotive fuel series reached a record level in the December quarter due to higher global oil prices amid economic recovery and lower global supply. The national quarterly average price for unleaded petrol increased to $1.64 per litre in the December quarter. This release includes an update to the article on the history of 'Automotive fuel in the CPI'.

Quarterly average price of unleaded petrol (91 Octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Quartlery Average, Australia
Sep-13	151.31
Dec-13	148.73
Mar-14	154.8
Jun-14	153.64
Sep-14	147.9
Dec-14	136.4
Mar-15	120.02
Jun-15	136.42
Sep-15	133.76
Dec-15	125.28
Mar-16	111.11
Jun-16	119.19
Sep-16	115.23
Dec-16	123.27
Mar-17	130.86
Jun-17	127
Sep-17	124.2
Dec-17	136.71
Mar-18	137.75
Jun-18	147.11
Sep-18	149.19
Dec-18	144.61
Mar-19	131.92
Jun-19	146.26
Sep-19	143.35
Dec-19	149.89
Mar-20	139.4
Jun-20	110.49
Sep-20	123.34
Dec-20	123.17
Mar-21	134.65
Jun-21	143.59
Sep-21	153.85
Dec-21	164.21

GST introduced

Quarterly average price of unleaded petrol (91 Octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Quartlery Average, Australia"]

[["Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[151.31],[148.72999999999999],[154.80000000000001],[153.63999999999999],[147.90000000000001],[136.40000000000001],[120.02],[136.41999999999999],[133.75999999999999],[125.28],[111.11],[119.19],[115.23],[123.27],[130.86000000000001],[127],[124.2],[136.71000000000001],[137.75],[147.11000000000001],[149.19],[144.61000000000001],[131.91999999999999],[146.25999999999999],[143.34999999999999],[149.88999999999999],[139.40000000000001],[110.48999999999999],[123.34],[123.17],[134.65000000000001],[143.59],[153.84999999999999],[164.21000000000001]]]

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Price rises for goods outstrips services

Price rises in automotive fuel and new dwelling purchases were the main contributors to Goods inflation in 2021. Prices also increased across a broad range of other goods with strong demand and supply disruptions leading to price rises for goods such as furniture and motor vehicles.

Goods, services and selected goods: Annual movement (%)
	December quarter 2021
Goods - total	4.3
Services - total	2.3
Furniture	5.7
Motor vehicles	6.3
Motor vehicle parts	4.5
Clothing accessories	6.8

Goods, services and selected goods: Annual movement (%)

["","December quarter 2021"]

[["Goods - total","Services - total","Furniture","Motor vehicles","Motor vehicle parts","Clothing accessories"],[[4.2999999999999998],[2.2999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[6.2999999999999998],[4.5],[6.7999999999999998]]]

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Two speed rental market continues across capital cities

Rents for Sydney and Melbourne fell again in the December quarter. This is the fourth consecutive quarterly fall for Sydney, and the third consecutive quarterly fall for Melbourne. Rents across the other capital cities continue to rise, reflecting low vacancy rates in those cities.

Rents, percentage change from previous quarter and since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)
	Percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)	Percentage change from previous quarter
Sydney	-4.2	-0.3
Melbourne	-2.5	-0.4
Brisbane	2.5	0.5
Adelaide	3.1	0.7
Perth	7.2	1.6
Hobart	6	1.1
Darwin	5.5	3.1
Canberra	3.6	0.5
Australia	-1.1	0.1

Rents, percentage change from previous quarter and since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)

["","Percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)","Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra","Australia"],[[-4.2000000000000002],[-2.5],[2.5],[3.1000000000000001],[7.2000000000000002],[6],[5.5],[3.6000000000000001],[-1.1000000000000001]],[[-0.29999999999999999],[-0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[1.6000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[3.1000000000000001],[0.5],[0.10000000000000001]]]

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Rental prices for houses in Sydney and Melbourne have recovered more quickly than for other dwellings since the onset of COVID-19. Rental conditions for other dwellings remain subdued in Sydney and Melbourne. For the remaining capital cities, rents for houses and other dwellings have increased at a similar rate.

Rents, percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID) for houses and other dwellings
	Houses	Other dwellings
Sydney	-1.8	-5
Melbourne	-0.3	-3.2
Remaining six capital cities	3.8	3.5

Rents, percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID) for houses and other dwellings

["","Houses","Other dwellings"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Remaining six capital cities"],[[-1.8],[-0.29999999999999999],[3.7999999999999998]],[[-5],[-3.2000000000000002],[3.5]]]

[]

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Non-discretionary inflation more than double Discretionary inflation

Non-discretionary annual inflation is higher than the CPI and more than twice the rate of Discretionary inflation. Non-discretionary inflation includes goods and services that households are less likely to reduce their consumption of, such as food, automotive fuel, housing and health costs.

CPI, Non-discretionary & Discretionary: Annual movements (%)
	December quarter 2021
CPI	3.5
Non-discretionary inflation	4.5
Discretionary inflation	1.9

CPI, Non-discretionary & Discretionary: Annual movements (%)

["","December quarter 2021"]

[["CPI","Non-discretionary inflation","Discretionary inflation"],[[3.5],[4.5],[1.8999999999999999]]]

[]

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Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter
All groups CPI		1.3
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.7
Alcohol and tobacco	0.9
Clothing and footwear	2.6
Housing	1.8
Furnishings, household equipment and services	1.1
Health	-0.3
Transport	2.8
Communication	0.1
Recreation and culture	1.5
Education	0.1
Insurance and financial services	1.2

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[0.69999999999999996],[0.90000000000000002],[2.6000000000000001],[1.8],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.29999999999999999],[2.7999999999999998],[0.10000000000000001],[1.5],[0.10000000000000001],[1.2]],[[1.3],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

[]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.7%)

Alcohol and tobacco group (+0.9%)

Tobacco (+2.1%) rose partially due to the flow-on effect of the Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings (AWOTE) excise increase of 1.4% that was applied on 1 September 2021. Since 2013, a 12.5% increase in the tobacco excise has led to strong rises each December quarter. 2021 was the first year since 2013 not to have the 12.5% excise tax increase applied.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 0.9%. The main contributor was Tobacco (+1.3%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 1.1%. This was the smallest annual rise for the group since 1997. The annual movement for tobacco fell from 9.8% in the September 2021 quarter, to 1.1% in the December 2021 quarter due to the ending of the 12.5% excise tax increase, in place since 2013.

Tobacco movement (%)
	Quarter	Annual
Dec-16	7.4	13.2
Mar-17	1	13.3
Jun-17	1	12.1
Sep-17	4.1	14.1
Dec-17	8.5	15.2
Mar-18	0.4	14.5
Jun-18	2.8	16.6
Sep-18	1.8	14
Dec-18	9.4	15
Mar-19	-0.7	13.8
Jun-19	2.4	13.4
Sep-19	3.4	15.1
Dec-19	8.4	14
Mar-20	2	17.1
Jun-20	2.7	17.4
Sep-20	3.2	17.1
Dec-20	10.9	19.9
Mar-21	-0.6	16.8
Jun-21	0.5	14.3
Sep-21	-0.9	9.8
Dec-21	2.1	1.1

Tobacco movement (%)

["","Quarter","Annual"]

[["Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[7.4000000000000004],[1],[1],[4.0999999999999996],[8.5],[0.40000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[1.8],[9.4000000000000004],[-0.69999999999999996],[2.3999999999999999],[3.3999999999999999],[8.4000000000000004],[2],[2.7000000000000002],[3.2000000000000002],[10.9],[-0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[-0.90000000000000002],[2.1000000000000001]],[[13.199999999999999],[13.300000000000001],[12.1],[14.1],[15.199999999999999],[14.5],[16.600000000000001],[14],[15],[13.800000000000001],[13.4],[15.1],[14],[17.100000000000001],[17.399999999999999],[17.100000000000001],[19.899999999999999],[16.800000000000001],[14.300000000000001],[9.8000000000000007],[1.1000000000000001]]]

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Clothing and footwear group (+2.6%)

Housing group (+1.8%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers rose 4.2%. This is the largest rise since the September 2000 quarter following the introduction of the GST. Continuing strong demand for housing construction enabled builders to pass through increases in costs for both materials and labour. Government housing construction grants had less of an impact this quarter due to fewer grant payments compared to the September quarter 2021. These Government construction grants have the effect of reducing prices paid by households purchasing new dwellings.
The following graph shows the new dwellings series including and excluding government housing construction grants.

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupier, Australia (June 2020 = 100.0)
	Excluding Government Housing Construction Grants	Including Government Housing Construction Grants
JQ20	100.0	100.0
SQ20	100.6	100.5
DQ20	101.8	101.2
MQ21	103.1	101.1
JQ21	105.0	101.0
SQ21	108.2	104.3
DQ21	112.1	108.7

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupier, Australia (June 2020 = 100.0)

["","Excluding Government Housing Construction Grants","Including Government Housing Construction Grants"]

[["JQ20","SQ20","DQ20","MQ21","JQ21","SQ21","DQ21"],[[100],[100.59999999999999],[101.8],[103.09999999999999],[105],[108.2],[112.09999999999999]],[[100],[100.5],[101.2],[101.09999999999999],[101],[104.3],[108.7]]]

[]

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Maintenance and repair of the dwelling rose 2.4%. This was the largest quarterly rise since the September quarter 2000. The rise was mainly driven by increases in timber, hardware and paint prices due to supply shortages and strong demand stemming from heightened construction activity.
Rents rose 0.1% with the continuation of subdued rental conditions in Sydney and Melbourne offsetting the strength in the other capital cities. Sydney and Melbourne continue to record higher vacancy rates compared to the remaining capital cities.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 1.9%. The main contributor was New dwelling purchases by owner occupiers (+4.2%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 4.0%. The main contributor to the rise was New dwelling purchases by owner occupiers (+7.5%).

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (+1.1%)

Health group (-0.3%)

Transport group (+2.8%)

Automotive fuel rose 6.6% due to increased global demand for oil as COVID-19 restrictions continued to ease and global oil supply remained limited. Fuel prices reached record levels in the December quarter.
Motor vehicles rose 1.9% due to supply constraints restricting global supply chains, coupled with strong domestic demand.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 2.9%. The main contributor was Automotive fuel (6.6%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 12.5%. Automotive fuel (+32.3%) and Motor vehicles (+6.3%) were the main contributors.

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Daily average price of ULP	Quarterly average price of ULP
Mar-20	143.47	139.4
Mar-20	142.05	139.4
Mar-20	143.51	139.4
Mar-20	144.1	139.4
Mar-20	143.14	139.4
Mar-20	142.35	139.4
Mar-20	147.04	139.4
Mar-20	148.26	139.4
Mar-20	148.76	139.4
Mar-20	150.68	139.4
Mar-20	151.82	139.4
Mar-20	152.58	139.4
Mar-20	153.56	139.4
Mar-20	160.44	139.4
Mar-20	160.93	139.4
Mar-20	159.34	139.4
Mar-20	156.06	139.4
Mar-20	152.74	139.4
Mar-20	152.96	139.4
Mar-20	153.27	139.4
Mar-20	156.21	139.4
Mar-20	154.07	139.4
Mar-20	150.76	139.4
Mar-20	147.86	139.4
Mar-20	145.34	139.4
Mar-20	143.34	139.4
Mar-20	140.93	139.4
Mar-20	143.97	139.4
Mar-20	142.05	139.4
Mar-20	139.27	139.4
Mar-20	136.99	139.4
Mar-20	134.75	139.4
Mar-20	133.32	139.4
Mar-20	133.58	139.4
Mar-20	137.42	139.4
Mar-20	140.03	139.4
Mar-20	141	139.4
Mar-20	140.75	139.4
Mar-20	139.68	139.4
Mar-20	139.14	139.4
Mar-20	140.8	139.4
Mar-20	148.04	139.4
Mar-20	155	139.4
Mar-20	155.72	139.4
Mar-20	154.9	139.4
Mar-20	151.05	139.4
Mar-20	149.19	139.4
Mar-20	148.68	139.4
Mar-20	149.08	139.4
Mar-20	148.64	139.4
Mar-20	148.03	139.4
Mar-20	146.74	139.4
Mar-20	143.23	139.4
Mar-20	141.4	139.4
Mar-20	139.24	139.4
Mar-20	138.32	139.4
Mar-20	138.32	139.4
Mar-20	135.79	139.4
Mar-20	133.38	139.4
Mar-20	132.29	139.4
Mar-20	130.19	139.4
Mar-20	129.13	139.4
Mar-20	129.85	139.4
Mar-20	130.99	139.4
Mar-20	130	139.4
Mar-20	128.24	139.4
Mar-20	126.84	139.4
Mar-20	125.77	139.4
Mar-20	124.51	139.4
Mar-20	125.58	139.4
Mar-20	127.66	139.4
Mar-20	128.62	139.4
Mar-20	126.8	139.4
Mar-20	126.52	139.4
Mar-20	125.8	139.4
Mar-20	124.13	139.4
Mar-20	126.83	139.4
Mar-20	130.21	139.4
Mar-20	129.75	139.4
Mar-20	130.71	139.4
Mar-20	129.01	139.4
Mar-20	128.6	139.4
Mar-20	128.67	139.4
Mar-20	129.49	139.4
Mar-20	128.72	139.4
Mar-20	126.57	139.4
Mar-20	124.31	139.4
Mar-20	120.56	139.4
Mar-20	119.09	139.4
Mar-20	120.37	139.4
Mar-20	126.52	139.4
Jun-20	120.09	110.49
Jun-20	119.78	110.49
Jun-20	119.32	110.49
Jun-20	116.25	110.49
Jun-20	114.25	110.49
Jun-20	112.68	110.49
Jun-20	112.09	110.49
Jun-20	115.44	110.49
Jun-20	113.45	110.49
Jun-20	109.81	110.49
Jun-20	107.68	110.49
Jun-20	104.83	110.49
Jun-20	102.6	110.49
Jun-20	102.49	110.49
Jun-20	106.21	110.49
Jun-20	106.2	110.49
Jun-20	105.35	110.49
Jun-20	103.15	110.49
Jun-20	101.26	110.49
Jun-20	99.81	110.49
Jun-20	97.92	110.49
Jun-20	102.46	110.49
Jun-20	100.48	110.49
Jun-20	97.4	110.49
Jun-20	95.2	110.49
Jun-20	93.6	110.49
Jun-20	92.46	110.49
Jun-20	92.3	110.49
Jun-20	99.76	110.49
Jun-20	100.14	110.49
Jun-20	100.92	110.49
Jun-20	99.41	110.49
Jun-20	97.79	110.49
Jun-20	96.2	110.49
Jun-20	96.84	110.49
Jun-20	104.13	110.49
Jun-20	105.24	110.49
Jun-20	104.7	110.49
Jun-20	103.87	110.49
Jun-20	106.28	110.49
Jun-20	107.45	110.49
Jun-20	108.53	110.49
Jun-20	115.18	110.49
Jun-20	115.28	110.49
Jun-20	113.44	110.49
Jun-20	111.11	110.49
Jun-20	109.38	110.49
Jun-20	108.72	110.49
Jun-20	107.36	110.49
Jun-20	112.29	110.49
Jun-20	110.92	110.49
Jun-20	108.91	110.49
Jun-20	108.18	110.49
Jun-20	109.05	110.49
Jun-20	108.43	110.49
Jun-20	107.38	110.49
Jun-20	112.49	110.49
Jun-20	110.94	110.49
Jun-20	109.06	110.49
Jun-20	108.05	110.49
Jun-20	106.64	110.49
Jun-20	106.22	110.49
Jun-20	105.39	110.49
Jun-20	111.61	110.49
Jun-20	112.48	110.49
Jun-20	112.47	110.49
Jun-20	112.6	110.49
Jun-20	116.41	110.49
Jun-20	117.87	110.49
Jun-20	119.12	110.49
Jun-20	127.78	110.49
Jun-20	127.46	110.49
Jun-20	126.33	110.49
Jun-20	124.18	110.49
Jun-20	122.12	110.49
Jun-20	120.49	110.49
Jun-20	119.21	110.49
Jun-20	124.31	110.49
Jun-20	122.8	110.49
Jun-20	120.7	110.49
Jun-20	121.71	110.49
Jun-20	120.99	110.49
Jun-20	119.27	110.49
Jun-20	118.15	110.49
Jun-20	123.71	110.49
Jun-20	122.64	110.49
Jun-20	120.71	110.49
Jun-20	119.04	110.49
Jun-20	117.69	110.49
Jun-20	116.77	110.49
Jun-20	115.91	110.49
Sep-20	123.48	123.34
Sep-20	123.93	123.34
Sep-20	122.87	123.34
Sep-20	122.36	123.34
Sep-20	122.51	123.34
Sep-20	122.66	123.34
Sep-20	121.94	123.34
Sep-20	126.26	123.34
Sep-20	126.58	123.34
Sep-20	123.87	123.34
Sep-20	121.52	123.34
Sep-20	120.32	123.34
Sep-20	119.62	123.34
Sep-20	118.92	123.34
Sep-20	125.28	123.34
Sep-20	124.42	123.34
Sep-20	125.59	123.34
Sep-20	125.73	123.34
Sep-20	126.4	123.34
Sep-20	126.1	123.34
Sep-20	124.86	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	127.69	123.34
Sep-20	125.19	123.34
Sep-20	123.31	123.34
Sep-20	121.75	123.34
Sep-20	119.97	123.34
Sep-20	119.95	123.34
Sep-20	128.73	123.34
Sep-20	130.58	123.34
Sep-20	129.55	123.34
Sep-20	128.81	123.34
Sep-20	128.31	123.34
Sep-20	127.96	123.34
Sep-20	126.34	123.34
Sep-20	132.11	123.34
Sep-20	129.77	123.34
Sep-20	126.06	123.34
Sep-20	122.21	123.34
Sep-20	120.31	123.34
Sep-20	119.28	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	123.5	123.34
Sep-20	123.35	123.34
Sep-20	120.7	123.34
Sep-20	119.01	123.34
Sep-20	118.73	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	115.35	123.34
Sep-20	121.22	123.34
Sep-20	120.19	123.34
Sep-20	118.03	123.34
Sep-20	116.83	123.34
Sep-20	115.25	123.34
Sep-20	115.36	123.34
Sep-20	115.98	123.34
Sep-20	125.51	123.34
Sep-20	126.81	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	131.96	123.34
Sep-20	133.82	123.34
Sep-20	132.61	123.34
Sep-20	138.98	123.34
Sep-20	136.67	123.34
Sep-20	132.7	123.34
Sep-20	129.34	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	125.54	123.34
Sep-20	123.99	123.34
Sep-20	129.7	123.34
Sep-20	127.53	123.34
Sep-20	124.41	123.34
Sep-20	122.9	123.34
Sep-20	122.11	123.34
Sep-20	122.45	123.34
Sep-20	121.9	123.34
Sep-20	127.7	123.34
Sep-20	125.14	123.34
Sep-20	121.73	123.34
Sep-20	118.45	123.34
Sep-20	116.03	123.34
Sep-20	113.89	123.34
Sep-20	112.46	123.34
Sep-20	118.99	123.34
Sep-20	117.13	123.34
Sep-20	114.71	123.34
Sep-20	113.61	123.34
Sep-20	114.84	123.34
Sep-20	114.33	123.34
Sep-20	113.86	123.34
Sep-20	120.61	123.34
Dec-20	121.94	123.17
Dec-20	119.99	123.17
Dec-20	117.63	123.17
Dec-20	116.02	123.17
Dec-20	114.17	123.17
Dec-20	115.26	123.17
Dec-20	122.57	123.17
Dec-20	122.48	123.17
Dec-20	120.71	123.17
Dec-20	117.84	123.17
Dec-20	117.5	123.17
Dec-20	118.85	123.17
Dec-20	118.37	123.17
Dec-20	126.17	123.17
Dec-20	124.92	123.17
Dec-20	123.04	123.17
Dec-20	120.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.87	123.17
Dec-20	123.3	123.17
Dec-20	122.97	123.17
Dec-20	131.65	123.17
Dec-20	131.43	123.17
Dec-20	127.37	123.17
Dec-20	124.78	123.17
Dec-20	123.11	123.17
Dec-20	121.75	123.17
Dec-20	119.18	123.17
Dec-20	125.86	123.17
Dec-20	124.01	123.17
Dec-20	120.98	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	116.62	123.17
Dec-20	114.7	123.17
Dec-20	112.18	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	118.89	123.17
Dec-20	117.06	123.17
Dec-20	115.65	123.17
Dec-20	114.9	123.17
Dec-20	115.01	123.17
Dec-20	116.47	123.17
Dec-20	125.17	123.17
Dec-20	126.12	123.17
Dec-20	124.32	123.17
Dec-20	121.56	123.17
Dec-20	120.69	123.17
Dec-20	120.57	123.17
Dec-20	121.64	123.17
Dec-20	129.07	123.17
Dec-20	129.17	123.17
Dec-20	127.51	123.17
Dec-20	123.68	123.17
Dec-20	122.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.2	123.17
Dec-20	119.69	123.17
Dec-20	124.75	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	119.97	123.17
Dec-20	116.95	123.17
Dec-20	120.33	123.17
Dec-20	120.29	123.17
Dec-20	119.2	123.17
Dec-20	125.02	123.17
Dec-20	123.48	123.17
Dec-20	122.09	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	119.44	123.17
Dec-20	119.59	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	127.08	123.17
Dec-20	125.92	123.17
Dec-20	126.7	123.17
Dec-20	125.59	123.17
Dec-20	127.9	123.17
Dec-20	127.78	123.17
Dec-20	127.66	123.17
Dec-20	136.2	123.17
Dec-20	134.82	123.17
Dec-20	133.39	123.17
Dec-20	131.18	123.17
Dec-20	130.61	123.17
Dec-20	131.14	123.17
Dec-20	129.12	123.17
Dec-20	135.81	123.17
Dec-20	133.32	123.17
Dec-20	129.57	123.17
Dec-20	126.49	123.17
Dec-20	125.03	123.17
Dec-20	124.33	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	128.67	123.17
Dec-20	126.93	123.17
Mar-21	124.05	134.65
Mar-21	121.99	134.65
Mar-21	121.91	134.65
Mar-21	121.02	134.65
Mar-21	119.77	134.65
Mar-21	126.27	134.65
Mar-21	124.62	134.65
Mar-21	121.81	134.65
Mar-21	118.93	134.65
Mar-21	116.93	134.65
Mar-21	115.33	134.65
Mar-21	114.65	134.65
Mar-21	122.98	134.65
Mar-21	123.21	134.65
Mar-21	122.8	134.65
Mar-21	121.92	134.65
Mar-21	124.08	134.65
Mar-21	126.91	134.65
Mar-21	130.31	134.65
Mar-21	143.78	134.65
Mar-21	145.93	134.65
Mar-21	144.05	134.65
Mar-21	140.15	134.65
Mar-21	138.55	134.65
Mar-21	138.38	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	142.97	134.65
Mar-21	140.19	134.65
Mar-21	136.35	134.65
Mar-21	133.46	134.65
Mar-21	133.08	134.65
Mar-21	134.81	134.65
Mar-21	133.3	134.65
Mar-21	138.63	134.65
Mar-21	136.33	134.65
Mar-21	133.76	134.65
Mar-21	130.69	134.65
Mar-21	128.64	134.65
Mar-21	126.19	134.65
Mar-21	124.86	134.65
Mar-21	131.19	134.65
Mar-21	130.98	134.65
Mar-21	129.67	134.65
Mar-21	128.05	134.65
Mar-21	128.99	134.65
Mar-21	129.18	134.65
Mar-21	128.79	134.65
Mar-21	140.03	134.65
Mar-21	137.74	134.65
Mar-21	136.1	134.65
Mar-21	133.23	134.65
Mar-21	132.06	134.65
Mar-21	133.44	134.65
Mar-21	133.28	134.65
Mar-21	140.37	134.65
Mar-21	139.26	134.65
Mar-21	137.11	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	134.37	134.65
Mar-21	138.3	134.65
Mar-21	139.88	134.65
Mar-21	152.01	134.65
Mar-21	150.21	134.65
Mar-21	147.86	134.65
Mar-21	145.24	134.65
Mar-21	143.43	134.65
Mar-21	140.28	134.65
Mar-21	139.47	134.65
Mar-21	147.05	134.65
Mar-21	144.28	134.65
Mar-21	141.38	134.65
Mar-21	139.04	134.65
Mar-21	139.73	134.65
Mar-21	138.24	134.65
Mar-21	137.56	134.65
Mar-21	146.58	134.65
Mar-21	144.61	134.65
Mar-21	142.07	134.65
Mar-21	138.98	134.65
Mar-21	137.08	134.65
Mar-21	135.86	134.65
Mar-21	134.97	134.65
Mar-21	143.23	134.65
Mar-21	142.47	134.65
Mar-21	140.59	134.65
Mar-21	138.46	134.65
Mar-21	138.92	134.65
Mar-21	140.5	134.65
Mar-21	140.49	134.65
Mar-21	152.74	134.65
Jun-21	152.77	143.59
Jun-21	152.09	143.59
Jun-21	150.28	143.59
Jun-21	148.09	143.59
Jun-21	146.88	143.59
Jun-21	145.64	143.59
Jun-21	152.89	143.59
Jun-21	151.64	143.59
Jun-21	149.68	143.59
Jun-21	147.52	143.59
Jun-21	146.02	143.59
Jun-21	145.23	143.59
Jun-21	143.01	143.59
Jun-21	149.2	143.59
Jun-21	145.88	143.59
Jun-21	143.44	143.59
Jun-21	140.61	143.59
Jun-21	139.77	143.59
Jun-21	138.65	143.59
Jun-21	136.73	143.59
Jun-21	143.31	143.59
Jun-21	141.38	143.59
Jun-21	139.83	143.59
Jun-21	137.87	143.59
Jun-21	138.18	143.59
Jun-21	136.77	143.59
Jun-21	136.25	143.59
Jun-21	142.99	143.59
Jun-21	141.75	143.59
Jun-21	140.66	143.59
Jun-21	138.01	143.59
Jun-21	137.67	143.59
Jun-21	139.11	143.59
Jun-21	140.86	143.59
Jun-21	147.93	143.59
Jun-21	148.97	143.59
Jun-21	147.31	143.59
Jun-21	143.14	143.59
Jun-21	142.23	143.59
Jun-21	142.47	143.59
Jun-21	144.56	143.59
Jun-21	150.51	143.59
Jun-21	148.79	143.59
Jun-21	146.56	143.59
Jun-21	144.04	143.59
Jun-21	145.28	143.59
Jun-21	144.36	143.59
Jun-21	143.58	143.59
Jun-21	149.83	143.59
Jun-21	148.13	143.59
Jun-21	144.78	143.59
Jun-21	141.62	143.59
Jun-21	140.28	143.59
Jun-21	138.67	143.59
Jun-21	137.47	143.59
Jun-21	144.56	143.59
Jun-21	142.93	143.59
Jun-21	140.86	143.59
Jun-21	138.34	143.59
Jun-21	138.48	143.59
Jun-21	139.07	143.59
Jun-21	138.63	143.59
Jun-21	148.28	143.59
Jun-21	146.88	143.59
Jun-21	145.12	143.59
Jun-21	141.87	143.59
Jun-21	141.37	143.59
Jun-21	141.8	143.59
Jun-21	141.23	143.59
Jun-21	149.76	143.59
Jun-21	147.83	143.59
Jun-21	144.01	143.59
Jun-21	140.15	143.59
Jun-21	138.7	143.59
Jun-21	138.86	143.59
Jun-21	137.5	143.59
Jun-21	145.33	143.59
Jun-21	142.81	143.59
Jun-21	140.5	143.59
Jun-21	137.41	143.59
Jun-21	136.48	143.59
Jun-21	136.98	143.59
Jun-21	137.73	143.59
Jun-21	145.91	143.59
Jun-21	146.55	143.59
Jun-21	145.42	143.59
Jun-21	144.04	143.59
Jun-21	144.79	143.59
Jun-21	147.2	143.59
Jun-21	149.51	143.59
Jun-21	159.02	143.59
Sep-21	162.45	153.85
Sep-21	160.61	153.85
Sep-21	157.35	153.85
Sep-21	157.12	153.85
Sep-21	157.01	153.85
Sep-21	156.96	153.85
Sep-21	162.82	153.85
Sep-21	159.83	153.85
Sep-21	156.45	153.85
Sep-21	153.23	153.85
Sep-21	153.19	153.85
Sep-21	152.73	153.85
Sep-21	151.02	153.85
Sep-21	155.64	153.85
Sep-21	153.12	153.85
Sep-21	150.64	153.85
Sep-21	147.37	153.85
Sep-21	145.62	153.85
Sep-21	144.48	153.85
Sep-21	143.82	153.85
Sep-21	152.44	153.85
Sep-21	150.94	153.85
Sep-21	148.88	153.85
Sep-21	146.37	153.85
Sep-21	147.6	153.85
Sep-21	147.76	153.85
Sep-21	147.97	153.85
Sep-21	159.09	153.85
Sep-21	157.75	153.85
Sep-21	155.2	153.85
Sep-21	152.93	153.85
Sep-21	151.96	153.85
Sep-21	149.99	153.85
Sep-21	148.79	153.85
Sep-21	157.87	153.85
Sep-21	155.94	153.85
Sep-21	153.78	153.85
Sep-21	151.18	153.85
Sep-21	152.41	153.85
Sep-21	154.61	153.85
Sep-21	155.07	153.85
Sep-21	163.59	153.85
Sep-21	160.96	153.85
Sep-21	156.89	153.85
Sep-21	153.24	153.85
Sep-21	151.33	153.85
Sep-21	151.74	153.85
Sep-21	150.52	153.85
Sep-21	158.13	153.85
Sep-21	155.74	153.85
Sep-21	153.05	153.85
Sep-21	149.49	153.85
Sep-21	149	153.85
Sep-21	150.5	153.85
Sep-21	149.24	153.85
Sep-21	157.11	153.85
Sep-21	153.77	153.85
Sep-21	150.68	153.85
Sep-21	147.4	153.85
Sep-21	146.23	153.85
Sep-21	144.92	153.85
Sep-21	145.68	153.85
Sep-21	152.29	153.85
Sep-21	150.24	153.85
Sep-21	148.66	153.85
Sep-21	146.68	153.85
Sep-21	147.66	153.85
Sep-21	148.51	153.85
Sep-21	148.96	153.85
Sep-21	159.15	153.85
Sep-21	158.84	153.85
Sep-21	157.59	153.85
Sep-21	155.78	153.85
Sep-21	155.91	153.85
Sep-21	157.56	153.85
Sep-21	157.34	153.85
Sep-21	164.77	153.85
Sep-21	162.29	153.85
Sep-21	160.72	153.85
Sep-21	157.92	153.85
Sep-21	156.53	153.85
Sep-21	157.71	153.85
Sep-21	154.99	153.85
Sep-21	164.26	153.85
Sep-21	162.89	153.85
Sep-21	159.76	153.85
Sep-21	156.44	153.85
Sep-21	154.98	153.85
Sep-21	154.12	153.85
Sep-21	152.28	153.85
Sep-21	155.77	153.85
Sep-21	154.14	153.85
Dec-21	152.25	164.21
Dec-21	150.85	164.21
Dec-21	150.61	164.21
Dec-21	149.45	164.21
Dec-21	148.87	164.21
Dec-21	158.38	164.21
Dec-21	159.22	164.21
Dec-21	160.44	164.21
Dec-21	161.95	164.21
Dec-21	161.21	164.21
Dec-21	160.73	164.21
Dec-21	161.02	164.21
Dec-21	162.48	164.21
Dec-21	164.06	164.21
Dec-21	165.44	164.21
Dec-21	165.03	164.21
Dec-21	166.09	164.21
Dec-21	167.87	164.21
Dec-21	167.33	164.21
Dec-21	174.41	164.21
Dec-21	174.89	164.21
Dec-21	174.79	164.21
Dec-21	174.07	164.21
Dec-21	174.12	164.21
Dec-21	173.82	164.21
Dec-21	172.54	164.21
Dec-21	171.12	164.21
Dec-21	169.88	164.21
Dec-21	168.59	164.21
Dec-21	167.43	164.21
Dec-21	166.6	164.21
Dec-21	165.78	164.21
Dec-21	164.5	164.21
Dec-21	170.44	164.21
Dec-21	168.77	164.21
Dec-21	167.92	164.21
Dec-21	167.42	164.21
Dec-21	167.56	164.21
Dec-21	166.5	164.21
Dec-21	166.71	164.21
Dec-21	166.26	164.21
Dec-21	165.12	164.21
Dec-21	164.35	164.21
Dec-21	163.18	164.21
Dec-21	162.36	164.21
Dec-21	162.01	164.21
Dec-21	161.76	164.21
Dec-21	170.88	164.21
Dec-21	170.68	164.21
Dec-21	169.94	164.21
Dec-21	169.93	164.21
Dec-21	171.65	164.21
Dec-21	172.78	164.21
Dec-21	174.03	164.21
Dec-21	176.83	164.21
Dec-21	176.19	164.21
Dec-21	174.34	164.21
Dec-21	171.87	164.21
Dec-21	170.44	164.21
Dec-21	169.75	164.21
Dec-21	166.76	164.21
Dec-21	172.84	164.21
Dec-21	170.95	164.21
Dec-21	168.3	164.21
Dec-21	166.51	164.21
Dec-21	165.82	164.21
Dec-21	164.46	164.21
Dec-21	162.58	164.21
Dec-21	161.66	164.21
Dec-21	158.86	164.21
Dec-21	157.11	164.21
Dec-21	155.44	164.21
Dec-21	156.73	164.21
Dec-21	157.19	164.21
Dec-21	156.17	164.21
Dec-21	162.76	164.21
Dec-21	161.8	164.21
Dec-21	160.59	164.21
Dec-21	159.82	164.21
Dec-21	158.88	164.21
Dec-21	159.06	164.21
Dec-21	159.13	164.21
Dec-21	157.82	164.21
Dec-21	155.99	164.21
Dec-21	155.8	164.21
Dec-21	154.02	164.21
Dec-21	153.73	164.21
Dec-21	151.95	164.21
Dec-21	151.16	164.21
Dec-21	157.91	164.21
Dec-21	159.76	164.21
Dec-21	160.05	164.21

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Daily average price of ULP","Quarterly average price of ULP"]

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Communication group (+0.1%)

Recreation and culture group (+1.5%)

Education group (+0.1%)

Insurance and financial services group (+1.2%)

International trade exposure - tradable and non-tradables

Underlying inflation series

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021 percentage change
	Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI	1.3	1.3
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.7	0.6
Alcohol and tobacco	0.9	0.9
Clothing and footwear	2.6	2.7
Housing	1.8	1.9
Furnishings, household equipment and services	1.1	1.4
Health	-0.3	0.8
Transport	2.8	2.9
Communication(a)	0.1
Recreation and culture	1.5	0.3
Education	0.1	0.4
Insurance and financial services	1.2	1.2
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	1.4	1.7
	Non-tradables	1.2	1.2

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter
Sydney	1.2
Melbourne	1.1
Brisbane	1.6
Adelaide	1.5
Perth	1.4
Hobart	2.2
Darwin	0.8
Canberra	1.0
Weighted average of eight capital cities		1.3

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter

["All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter"]

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All groups CPI, All groups index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change
	Dec Qtr 2021	Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021	Dec Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2021
Sydney	121.6	1.2	3.1
Melbourne	121.4	1.1	2.5
Brisbane	122.6	1.6	4.3
Adelaide	120.4	1.5	3.3
Perth	119.4	1.4	5.7
Hobart	122.9	2.2	4.5
Darwin	118.2	0.8	6.0
Canberra	120.9	1.0	4.0
Weighted average of eight capital cities	121.3	1.3	3.5

a. Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

In all capital cities:

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers (+4.2%) rose in all capital cities. Continuing strong demand for housing construction enabled builders to pass through increases in costs for both materials and labour. Ongoing supply constraints for materials and labour in some cities also contributed to rising prices. The largest price rise was recorded in Hobart (+8.5%), followed by Adelaide (+6.8%) and Brisbane (+6.4%).
Automotive fuel increased (+6.6%) with strong rises seen across all capital cities during the quarter. Prices rose due to increased global demand for oil as a result of eased COVID-19 restrictions. The largest price rise was recorded in Hobart (+12.4%), followed by Darwin (+9.9%) and Perth (+9.4%).
Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+4.8%) rose as border closures eased during the quarter, leading to increased demand for domestic airfares and accommodation. The largest price rises were recorded in Sydney (+7.8%), Perth (+5.3%) and Melbourne (+4.1%).

Capital city highlights:

At the All groups level, the CPI rose in all eight capital cities, ranging from 0.8% in Darwin to 2.2% in Hobart.

Sydney (+1.2%)

Melbourne (+1.1%)

Brisbane (+1.6%)

Adelaide (+1.5%)

Perth (+1.4%)

Hobart (+2.2%)

Darwin (+0.8%)

Canberra (+1.0%)

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Group	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.5	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.7
Alcohol & tobacco	1.2	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.9
Clothing & footwear	2.9	1.6	3.6	1.6	3.8	1.7	2.4	1.3	2.6
Housing	1.3	1.7	2.7	2.6	2.4	5.5	1.2	0.7	1.8
Furnishings, household equipment and services	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.3	2.2	1.1
Health	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	1.1	-1.6	-0.3
Transport	2.6	2.0	3.6	3.4	3.8	5.2	3.9	3.9	2.8
Communication	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Recreation & culture	2.1	1.3	0.9	1.0	1.4	0.7	-4.1	-0.1	1.5
Education	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Insurance & financial services	0.3	1.8	0.7	3.1	1.9	0.5	1.3	0.5	1.2

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, Index numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	121.6	121.4	122.6	120.4	119.4	122.9	118.2	120.9	121.3
2021 September	120.2	120.1	120.7	118.6	117.7	120.2	117.3	119.7	119.7
2021 June	119.4	119.1	119.2	117.8	116.8	119.8	115.6	118.2	118.8
2021 March	118.5	118.8	118.2	117.2	114.6	118.5	114.4	117.3	117.9
2020 December	118.0	118.4	117.5	116.5	113.0	117.6	111.5	116.3	117.2
2020 September	116.8	116.7	116.2	115.7	114.1	116.7	110.8	115.4	116.2
2020 June	114.7	115.7	113.6	114.6	112.1	115.6	109.0	112.8	114.4
2020 March	117.4	117.8	116.2	115.8	113.5	117.2	111.8	115.5	116.6
2019 December	117.1	116.9	116.3	115.4	113.1	116.7	111.5	115.0	116.2
2019 September	116.5	115.9	115.5	114.5	112.6	114.7	111.3	114.3	115.4
2019 June	115.9	115.3	114.8	113.7	112.0	114.1	111.0	113.5	114.8
2019 March	115.1	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.2	113.4	110.1	113.2	114.1
2018 December	115.2	114.6	114.0	113.0	111.3	113.6	111.0	113.1	114.1
2018 September	114.7	114.0	113.4	112.4	110.8	112.2	110.8	112.3	113.5
2018 June	114.0	113.8	112.9	112.1	110.2	111.5	110.1	111.6	113.0
2018 March	113.6	113.3	112.4	111.6	110.0	111.1	109.7	111.2	112.6
2017 December	113.3	112.3	112.3	111.2	109.9	110.3	109.7	110.3	112.1
2017 September	112.5	111.5	111.4	110.4	109.5	109.2	109.4	109.6	111.4
2017 June	111.7	111.0	111.0	109.2	109.0	108.9	108.8	108.6	110.7
2020-21	118.2	118.3	117.8	116.8	114.6	118.2	113.1	116.8	117.5
2019-20	116.4	116.6	115.4	115.1	112.8	116.1	110.9	114.4	115.7
2018-19	115.2	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.3	113.3	110.7	113.0	114.1

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage change (from previous financial year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2020-21	1.5	1.4	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.6
2019-20	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.3	2.4	0.2	1.2	1.3
2018-19	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	2.5	0.9	2.1	1.6

Percentage change (from corresponding quarter of previous year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	3.1	2.5	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.5	6.0	4.0	3.5
2021 September	2.9	2.9	3.9	2.5	3.2	3.0	5.9	3.7	3.0
2021 June	4.1	2.9	4.9	2.8	4.2	3.6	6.1	4.8	3.8
2021 March	0.9	0.8	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.1	2.3	1.6	1.1
2020 December	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.0	-0.1	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.9
2020 September	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.3	1.7	-0.4	1.0	0.7
2020 June	-1.0	0.3	-1.0	0.8	0.1	1.3	-1.8	-0.6	-0.3
2020 March	2.0	2.7	1.8	2.4	2.1	3.4	1.5	2.0	2.2
2019 December	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.6	2.7	0.5	1.7	1.8
2019 September	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.2	0.5	1.8	1.7
2019 June	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.6	2.3	0.8	1.7	1.6
2019 March	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.1	2.1	0.4	1.8	1.3
2018 December	1.7	2.0	1.5	1.6	1.3	3.0	1.2	2.5	1.8
2018 September	2.0	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.2	2.7	1.3	2.5	1.9
2018 June	2.1	2.5	1.7	2.7	1.1	2.4	1.2	2.8	2.1
2018 March	2.1	2.2	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.0	1.1	2.4	1.9
2017 December	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.3	0.8	2.1	1.0	2.2	1.9

Percentage change (from previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
2021 September	0.7	0.8	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.3	1.5	1.3	0.8
2021 June	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8
2021 March	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9
2020 September	1.8	0.9	2.3	1.0	1.8	1.0	1.7	2.3	1.6
2020 June	-2.3	-1.8	-2.2	-1.0	-1.2	-1.4	-2.5	-2.3	-1.9
2020 March	0.3	0.8	-0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
2019 December	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.6	0.7
2019 September	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5
2019 June	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.6
2019 March	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.8	0.1	0.0
2018 December	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.5
2018 September	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4
2018 June	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
2018 March	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.4
2017 December	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.6	0.6

Longer term series: all groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers

	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2021	117.9	118.8	119.7	121.3
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4
1985	37.9	38.8	39.7	40.5

Data downloads

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Time Series Spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
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TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
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TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
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TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
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TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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Using price indexes

Price indexes in contracts

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis. Price indexes are also often used in contracts by businesses and government to adjust payments and/or charges to take account of changes in categories of prices (Indexation Clauses).

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts that sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

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Consumer Price Index, Australia methodology, December 2021

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